保护性耕作下小麦和豌豆投入产出能值分析

应用能值分析的基本理论和方法,探讨了传统耕作(T)、免耕(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆还田(TS)、免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)、传统耕作+地膜覆盖(TP)、免耕+地膜覆盖(NTP)等不同耕作模式下小麦和豌豆的投入产出能值,测算了其净能值产出率、能值投入率、宏观经济价值。结果表明:同一耕作方式下,种植小麦能值投入大于豌豆,豌豆能值产出是小麦的5倍以上,且豌豆宏观经济价值远远大于小麦;不同耕作方式下,两种作物净能值产出率均为免耕处理大于相应的耕作处理;由于传统耕作的三种模式人工和机械费用的投入远高于免耕三种模式,使得耕作处理下能值总投入大于相应的免耕处理;免耕+秸秆覆盖处理下,小麦和豌豆净能值产出率和宏观经济价值均达到最大,分别达到了0.64、3.93和9.26、53.1。说明免耕+秸秆覆盖不仅能够实现节约投入,而且可以增产增收,能够达到生态经济效益的最优。

Emergy analyses of wheat and pea production under conservation tillage

Upon the implementation of multiple cultivation practices on wheat and field pea including traditional farming (T), no-till (NT) and conventional tillage with straw returned (TS), no-till with straw cover (NTS), conventional tillage mulching film (TP), and no-till with plastic film mulching (NTP), emergy theory and method were used to analyze the input and output values of emergy, the net emergy output ratio, the emergy investment ration, and the macro economic values. The results showed that under the same farming and planting practice, the emergy input of wheat was more than that of pea, whereas the emergy output of peawas five times greater than that of the wheat and the macroeconomic value from pea was far bigger than wheat. In addition, under different farming methods, it was found thatthe netemergy output ratios with no-till treatment were greater in both wheat and pea than those with the cultivation treatment. Because the input costs of the human labors and machinery services using three modes of traditional farming was far higher than those using three modes of no-till cultivation, the total emergy input with cultivation was therefore greater than that without. It was further uncovered that under no-till farming with straw mul ching treatment, the net emergy outputs and the macroeconomic values of wheat and pea reached their maximums, 0.64, 3.93, 9.26, and 53.1 respectively. The above results indicated that theno-till farming with straw mulching treatment could not only minimize the input costs, but also increase production, achieving the optimal ecological economic benefits.