旱地胡麻全膜大小垄侧穴播栽培技术研究

针对甘肃中部半干旱旱作区春季降水少、土壤墒情差、胡麻保全苗难等问题探讨旱地胡麻地膜栽培模式对胡麻产量的影响。试验结果表明,旱地胡麻全膜大小垄侧穴播栽培可防止胡麻出苗板结,有效提高胡麻出苗率,明显减少土壤水分的无效蒸发,增加土壤水分含量,胡麻生长的前期地温明显提高,胡麻的经济性状明显改善,增产效果明显,经济效益显著;旱地胡麻全膜大小垄侧穴播栽培水分生产率,比全膜平铺覆土穴播栽培、旱地胡麻半膜膜侧穴播和露地穴播栽培分别提高28.28%、40.33%和116.17%;比全膜平铺覆土穴播栽培、旱地胡麻半膜膜侧穴播和露地穴播栽培分别增产22.04%、28.74%和53.74%,是目前旱地胡麻增产稳产高产的最佳的栽培模式。

Effects of whole film mulching and alternative narrow and wide ridges with bunch-seeding in furrows on production of dryland flax

Aimed at the problems such as limited precipitation,low soil moisture and low emergence rate of flax in semiarid dry-farming regions in middle Gansu Province,a field experiment was conducted with four treatments including bare land with bunch-seeding (T1),half film mulching with bunch-seeding (T2),whole film mulching with bunch-seeding (T3),and whole film mulching and alternative narrow and wide ridges with bunch-seeding in furrows (T4),so as to probe the effects of different cultivation measures on the production of dryland flax.The results showed that T4 could prevent from soil hardening and increase emergence rate of flax,could reduce invalid evaporation and increase soil moisture content,and could raise soil temperature at early growing period and improve agronomic characters of flax,so it could increase yield and economic benefit significandy.Compared with T3,T2 and T1,T4 increased water use efficiency of flax by 28.28％,40.33％ and 116.17％ respectively,and increased yield by 22.04％,28.74％ and 53.74％ respectively.Therefore,the technology of whole film mulching and alternative narrow and wide ridges with bunch-seeding in furrows is an optimal cultivation mode for stable and high production of dryland flax.