首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
     检索      

秸秆覆盖农田的小气候特征和增产机理研究
引用本文:方文松,朱自玺,刘荣花,马志红,师丽魁.秸秆覆盖农田的小气候特征和增产机理研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(6):123-128.
作者姓名:方文松  朱自玺  刘荣花  马志红  师丽魁
作者单位:河南省气象科学研究所,中国气象局农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室,河南,郑州,450003 
基金项目:科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目 
摘    要:利用2000~2002年的试验资料和2002~2003年的示范推广资料,对秸秆覆盖的农田小气候和增产机理进行分析.结果表明:秸秆覆盖对农田近地层气温、空气湿度和地温均产生明显影响,但对风速的影响不明显;秸秆覆盖可使地表层显热通量增大,潜热通量和土壤热通量减小,从而使土壤蒸发受限;由于覆盖抑制土壤表面蒸发,使土壤水分无效消耗减少,增加前期土壤水分积累,有利于植株后期蒸腾,使水分消耗从物理过程向生理过程转化,从无效消耗向有效消耗转化,从而增加作物产量,提高水分利用效率.秸秆覆盖可使冬小麦增产8.08%~10.71%,水分利用效率提高3.5%~8.4%;夏玉米增产6.08%~11.97%,水分利用效率提高7.8%~14.4%.

关 键 词:秸秆覆盖  冬小麦  夏玉米  小气候特征  增产机理

Study on microclimate characters and yield-increasing mechanism in straw mulching field
FANG Wensong,ZHU Zixi,LIU Ronghu,MA Zhihong,SHI Likui.Study on microclimate characters and yield-increasing mechanism in straw mulching field[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2009,27(6):123-128.
Authors:FANG Wensong  ZHU Zixi  LIU Ronghu  MA Zhihong  SHI Likui
Institution:FANG Wen-song,ZHU Zi-xi,LIU Rong-hua,MA Zhi-hong,SHI Likui(He'nan Institute of Meteorology,Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Safeguard and Application Technique,CMA,Zhengzhou 45003,China)
Abstract:Taking use of experimental data from 2000 ~ 2002 and demonstration & popularization information from 2002 ~ 2003, the paper analyzed the microclimate feature and its yield-promoting mechanism under straw mulching. The results showed that: straw mulching had dramatic effects on temperature of field's surface layer, air humidity and soil temperature, but wind speed. Straw mulching increased surface sensible heat flux, but decreased latent heat flux and soil heat flux, so the soil evaporation was restricted. As soil surface evaporation was restricted by covering, the ineffective consumption of soil water was decreased, and accumulation was increased accordingly. This was helpful for plant transpi-ration in later stage, and for water consumption transforming from physical process to physiological process, and from in-valid consumption to availability. So straw mulching could increase yield and advance water use efficiency. For winter wheat, straw mulching enabled yield increasing and water use efficiency by 8.08% ~ 10.71% and 3.5%~8.4% re-spectively, and for summer maize, it promoted yield and water use by 6.08% ~ 11.97% and 7.8% ~ 14.4% respec-tively.
Keywords:straw mulching  winter wheat  summer maize  microclimate characters  yield-increasing mechanism  
本文献已被 CNKI 万方数据 等数据库收录!
点击此处可从《干旱地区农业研究》浏览原始摘要信息
点击此处可从《干旱地区农业研究》下载免费的PDF全文
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号