不同年限蔬菜大棚土壤性质演变与施肥问题的研究

对关中地区不同种植年限的大棚蔬菜土壤性质演变及施肥现状进行调查研究,结果表明:土壤次生盐渍化、酸化、速效磷钾富集明显,且随棚龄延长程度加重;有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量偏低,硝态氮含量较高,二者随棚龄延长无一定规律;有机肥用量少而种类单一;施肥水平差异大;过量或偏施肥料;肥料结构不合理,养分失衡;施肥方法落后。提出加大有机肥投入总量,实行测土配方施肥,平衡养分,应用新型肥料品种,改进施肥方法,提高肥料利用率。

Soil properties and fertilization in vegetable greenhouse at different ages

In central Shaanxi, the soil properties and current fertilization in vegetable greenhouses at different ages were investigated and studied. The results showed that soil secondary salinization, acidification, available-potassium enrichment remarkably took place and became severe with increased greenhouse ages ;the contents of organic matter ,total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were slightly low but the content of nitrate nitrogen was high; the contents of either the former or the latter did not regularly change with greenhouse ages; organic fertilizers were few and applied in small quantities, the rates of applied fertilizers sharply varied; partial fertilization in fertilizer kinds or quantity occurred; there existed improper fertilization structure, nutrient imbalance and poor fertilization procedures. So increasing total fertilizer amount, carrying out formulated fertilization, keeping nutritive balance, improving fertilization procedure and raising fertilizer use efficiency are put forward in the paper.