垄畦覆膜种行覆土党参种苗移栽机的设计与试验

针对党参覆膜移栽无机可用的问题,结合西北黄土高原旱区党参垄畦覆膜、种行覆土抗逆栽培模式,设计了一种具有开沟、播苗、起垄、整形、覆膜、种行覆土功能的党参种苗移栽机。对样机关键部件进行了分析与设计,确定了尖角长翼型开沟器、整形镇压、膜上覆土等装置的结构及工作参数,解析了核心部件作业机理。田间试验表明,设计的垄畦覆膜、种行覆土党参种苗移栽机埋苗率为4.1%,露苗率为2.6%,栽植合格率为92.0%,栽植深度合格率为87.5%,膜边覆土厚度合格率为95.9%,膜边覆土宽度合格率为96.3%,生产率约为0.14 hm~2·h~(-1)。田间性能试验指标均达到国家和行业标准要求,试验结果满足设计要求。

Design and test of Codonopsis pilosula seedlings transplanter with ridge\|film mulching and soil\|covering in seedling rows

In view of the problem that there is no machinery available for transplanting Codonopsis pilosula, a transplanter with the functions of ditching, seeding, ridging, shaping, film mulching, and soil\|covering in seedling rows was designed in combination with the cultivation mode of ridge\|film mulching and soil\|covering on seedling rows in consideration of dry stress\|resistant of Codonopsis pilosula in the arid area of the Northwest Loess Plateau. The key components of the prototype were analyzed and designed. The structure and working parameters of the devices such as opener with sharp angle and long airfoil, shaping and compaction, and soil covering over film were determined. The working mechanism of the core components was analyzed. Field experiments showed that seedling bury percentage of the designed transplanter was 4.1%; exposed seedling percentage was 2.6%; the qualified rate of planting was 92.0%; the qualified rate of planting depth was 87.5%; the qualified rate of covering soil thickness on the film edge was 95.9%; the qualified rate of soil covering width on the film edge was 96.3%; and the productivity was about 0.14 hm²·h^-1. The field performance experiment indexes met the requirements of national and industrial standards, and the experiment results met the design requirements.