华北平原冬小麦麦田覆盖对土壤温度和生育进程的影响

通过秸秆和薄膜覆盖田间试验,研究了不同覆盖材料对冬小麦田土壤温度(5 cm)以及冬小麦生长发育、穗分化、干物质积累和分配、营养生长期间的N转移、产量和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明,秸秆覆盖平缓了冬小麦整个生育期土壤温度的变化,使冬季土壤温度提高0.63℃,越冬后降低0.35℃;春季降温效应延长了冬小麦穗分化的时间,平均缩短了灌浆持续时间2 d;低温增加了冬小麦穗期干物质和N含量向收获期非籽粒转移的效率,最终造成产量和水分利用效率降低了1.98%和0.14 kg/m3.薄膜覆盖提高了冬小麦灌浆前土壤温度0.44℃,增温效应促进了作物生长,整个生育期的生物量提高116.0 kg/m2;穗分化时期的增温效应使得该处理冬小麦不易形成大穗,同时灌浆期的低温效应影响了籽粒的饱满度,最终产量和水分利用效率分别降低了3.24%和0.17 kg/m3.研究认为,秸秆覆盖和薄膜覆盖具有保墒效应,但其产生的温度效应对冬季作物生长发育造成不利影响,使得最终产量和水分利用效率并没有提高.

Effect of mulching on soil temperature and crop growth of winter wheat in plain of North China

As one of the measures for agricultural water saving and conservation of soil moisture,mulching has been widely used.But mulching also affects soil temperature that influences crop growth.This research was conducted to illustrate the effects of different mulching materials(straw and plastic film) on the growth and development of winter wheat.Straw mulch(SM) reduced soil temperature in spring that extended the spike differentiation duration,but shortened the duration of grain filling by 2 days.The remobiliza...