河北坝上地区不同降水年型下马铃薯耗水特征

基于2010-2017年连续8年的马铃薯生育期和产量数据、以及生育期内气象和土壤数据，利用作物-土壤水分平衡公式的方法，揭示坝上地区马铃薯在不同降水年型下不同生育阶段的耗水特征。结果表明：研究区马铃薯生育期内降水量在260~449 mm之间，其中25%的试验年份为干旱年份；不同生育阶段的耗水量在25~182 mm之间，其中播种~出苗阶段和薯块形成~薯块膨大阶段在湿润年型下耗水量最大，出苗~薯块形成阶段在干旱年型下耗水最多，薯块膨大~成熟阶段在正常年型下耗水最多；薯块形成~薯块膨大阶段的日耗水量显著高于其他阶段，干旱、正常和湿润年型下该阶段的日耗水量分别为3.6、3.9 mm和4.7 mm。2010-2017年马铃薯产量8 250~24 500 kg·hm^-2，水分利用效率32~135 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1，其中干旱年型下马铃薯水分利用效率最高，显著高于其他年型；另外薯块膨大~成熟阶段耗水量的增加对马铃薯产量具有显著的正效应。坝上地区在马铃薯薯块膨大~成熟阶段增加灌溉并且在其他阶段进行适当的干旱胁迫对提升该地区的马铃薯产量具有重要的意义。

Water consumption characteristics of potato under different precipitation years in Bashang area in Hebei province

The water consumption characteristics of potato under different precipitation years was analyzed based on the experiment data, soil water data, and climate data during the potato growing periods from 2010 to 2017. Results showed that total precipitation during potato growing period ranged from 260 to 449 mm, and 25% of the experimental years were dry years. The amount of water consumption of potato ranged from 25 to 182 mm during different growing periods, the water consumption was maximum for the period of planting-emergency and tuberization-tuber bulking under wet years compared with other years. Water consumption during the period of emergency-tuberization was more under dry years compared with other year types. The water consumption of potato during the period of tuber bulking to maturity was more under normal years compared with dry years and wet years. Enhance the water consumption of potato during the period of tuber bulking to maturity had positive effects on potato yield. The daily water consumption of potato was highest during the period of tuberization-tuber bulking compared with other stages under all year types and the values of which were 3.6, 3.9 mm, and 4.7 mm, respectively under dry, normal, and wet years. Potato yields generally increased from 8,250 to 24,500 kg·hm^-2. Water use efficiency (WUE) of potato generally increased from 32 to 135 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1 under experimental years and the WUE was the highest under dry years. Enhancing the irrigation amount during the period of tuber bulking to maturity and medium drought exercise made under other growing periods had significance impacts on increasing potato yield in Bashang area.