不同青贮玉米大喇叭口期和成熟期耐盐碱性综合评价

以25个不同青贮玉米品种为试验材料，在宁夏银川北部盐碱地，通过测定不同品种大喇叭口期和成熟期的表型性状和光合气体交换参数进行耐盐碱性鉴定，并利用主成分分析和模糊隶属函数法对不同青贮玉米的耐盐碱强弱进行综合评价。结果表明：各青贮玉米品种处于不同生育期时对盐碱的敏感程度不同（发育阶段性），同一时期不同品种之间耐盐碱性也存在着差异（品种特异性）。根据综合评价值（D值）大小，将耐盐碱性分为三级：D值大于0.6为强耐盐碱性材料；D值在0.2~0.6之间为中耐盐碱性材料；D值低于0.2为对盐碱敏感的材料。其中，在大喇叭口期时具有强耐盐碱性的材料有：科多8号、桂青贮1号和133-2/1528，D值分别为0.770、0.705和0.614；在成熟期时具有强耐盐碱性的材料有：H14/A18和桂青贮1号，D值分别为0.761和0.728；而表现为敏盐性的材料为H14/1528，D值在大喇叭口期和成熟期时分别为0.140和0.155；其余品种均属于中度耐盐碱材料，D值处于0.2~0.6之间。

Comprehensive evaluation of saline-alkali tolerance of silage maize at stages of fourteenth leaf and maturity

The objective of this study was to evaluate saline-alkali tolerance of 25 silage maize cultivars in northern saline-alkali land in Yinchuan, Ningxia and identify and screen silage maize varieties with tolerance to saline-alkali and sensitive to saline-alkali, and then provide theoretical basis for selecting saline-alkali tolerant silage maize varieties. Based on the indexes of the stages of V14 (14th leaf) and maturity including phenotypic traits and physiological indexes, the saline-alkali tolerance of 25 silage maize germplasms were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis and the subordinate function method. The results showed that there was a significant difference in saline-alkali tolerance of different silage maize varieties in different growth stages. Based on comprehensive evaluation value (D) that represented saline-alkali-tolerance, tested maize genotypes were categorized into three groups: high tolerance (group A,D>0.6), intermediate tolerance (group B, 0.2<D<0.6), susceptibility (group C,D< 0.2). In the V14 stage, Ke duo 8, Gui silage No. 1, and 133-2/1528 had high saline-alkali tolerance with D values of 0.770, 0.705, and 0.614, respectively. The H14/A18 and Gui silage No. 1 had high tolerance during maturity with D values of 0.761 and 0.728, respectively. In these two stages, the saline-alkali sensitive cultivars were H14/1528 with D values of 0.140 and 0.155, respectively. Other maize genotypes belonged to the intermediate tolerance group with the D values ranging from 0.2 to 0.6. This results can provide a valuable foundation for selecting salt tolerance silage maize, esp. in the study region.