不同行距配置对机采棉生长发育及光合特性的影响

以新疆兵团第七师胡杨河市推荐棉花品种Z1112和中棉641为供试材料，设置一膜六行、一膜四行和一膜三行3种行距配置模式，研究不同行距配置模式对棉花生长发育及光合特性的影响。结果表明，一膜三行配置模式生育期较一膜六行和一膜四行缩短2~6 d，株高较一膜六行、一膜四行分别增加7.3 cm和6.8 cm，果枝数较一膜六行、一膜四行分别增加1.1台和0.8台，始果节位和始果节高受行距配置影响较小。棉花叶面积指数（LAI）从苗期到盛铃前期随生育时期推进而逐渐增大；在盛铃前期到达峰值，进入盛铃期后，各处理LAI逐渐开始减小，不同行距配置模式下，Z1112和中棉641的LAI总体表现为一膜六行>一膜四行>一膜三行。所有处理叶片叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）在现蕾至吐絮期均呈现出先增后降趋势，生育前期，棉株叶片SPAD值和干物质积累量随行距的增加而降低；生育后期，一膜三行配置模式的叶片SPAD值和干物质积累量迅速上升，高于一膜六行和一膜四行配置模式。单株结铃数、单铃重和子指随行距的增大而增加，一膜三行处理下的单株结铃数、单铃重、子指较一膜六行和一膜四行分别增加4.9个·株^-1和2.7个·株^-1、0.5 g和0.4 g、0.7 g和0.4 g；但棉花总铃数、产量和衣分受行距影响较小。一膜三行配置模式可加快生育进程、增加棉花株高和果枝数、提高光合作用，能保持较高的产量，具有较好的推广潜力。

Effects of different row spacing on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of machine picked cotton

This experiment used the cotton varieties Z1112 and Zhongmian 641 as test materials recommended by the Seventh Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Huyanghe City. Three row spacing configuration modes of six rows with one film, four rows with one film and three rows with one film were set up to study the effects of different row spacing configuration modes on cotton growth and photosynthetic characteristics. The results showed that the growth period of three rows with one film was 2~6 days shorter than that of six rows with one film and four rows with one film, the plant height was 7.3 cm and 6.8 cm higher than that of six rows with one film and four rows with one film, and the number of fruit branches was 1.1 and 0.8 more than that of six rows with one film and four rows with one film, respectively. The position and height of initial fruit node were less affected by row spacing configuration. LAI of cotton increased gradually with the advance of growth period from seedling stage to early boll filling stage. The LAI of each treatment gradually began to decrease after entering the full boll period. Under different row spacing configuration modes, the LAI of Z1112 and Zhongmian 641 generally showed a trend of six rows of one film > four rows of one film > three rows of one film. The SPAD value of cotton leaves of all treatments increased first and then decreased from bud to boll opening. In the early growth stage, the SPAD value and dry matter accumulation of cotton leaves decreased with the increase of row spacing. In the late growth stage, the SPAD value and dry matter accumulation of three rows with one film configuration mode increased rapidly, which was higher than that of six rows with one film and four rows with one film configuration mode. The number of bolls per plant, the boll weight and the seed index increased with the increase of row spacing. The number of bolls per plant, the boll weight and the seed index increased by 4.9 and 2.7 per plant, 0.5 g and 0.4 g, 0.7 g and 0.4 g, respectively, compared with the six rows with one film and four rows with one film. However, the total boll number, yield and lint percentage of cotton were less affected by row spacing. Based on comprehensive consideration, the configuration of three rows with one film can be a better mode in terms of speeding up the growth process, increasing the plant height and the number of fruit branches, improving photosynthesis, and maintaining a higher yield. Therefore, it should be promoted.