黏重土壤精旋起垄一体机设计与试验

针对西南丘陵山区土壤黏重、耕作与起垄阻力大的问题，为改善表层土壤结构，设计了一款精旋起垄一体机，主要由深旋装置、碎土装置、成垄部件等组成，可实现旋耕、碎土、起垄等联合作业。深旋装置采用双螺旋线方式交替安装旋耕刀，间隔为60 mm,旋耕刀轴转速为260 r·min^-1;碎土装置中以刀盘为中心对称安装，每侧安装3把碎土刀，刀尖间隙为32 mm,碎土刀轴转速为430 r·min^-1,并建立了作业过程中土壤断面模型和碎土刀运动轨迹；依据农艺要求将成垄部件设计成前宽后窄、上窄下宽的梯形箱体结构，分析确定成垄罩体长度为300 mm。田间试验结果表明，在前茬作物为水稻或油菜条件下，垄宽、垄高、沟面宽稳定性系数平均值分别为96.26%、93.34%、89.09%,垄型饱满，无高低、宽窄垄现象，地表平整度、碎土率、植被覆盖率分别为2.06 cm、92.32%、85.32%,各项指标均符合行业标准和设计要求。作业后土壤容重和含水率分别降低了14.31%和11.25%,对土壤结构和通透性有一定改善。

Design and test of precision rotary\|ridging machine for sticky soil

To improve the topsoil structure and address the problem with heavily consolidated and highly tillage and ridging resistance in southwest China hilly area, the precision rotary\|ridging machine was developed. It was mainly composed of deep rotation device, soil crushing device and ridge forming parts, which could realize combined operations such as rotary tillage, soil crushing and ridge raising. The deep rotating device adopted the double helix method to install the rotary blade alternately. The rotary blade interval was 60 mm and rotating speed was 260 r·min^-1. In the soil crushing device, the earth cutter was installed symmetrically with the cutter plate as the center. Three pieces of each side were obtained through analysis. The clearance of the cutter tip was 32 mm, and the rotating speed of the earth cutter was 430 r·min^-1. The model of soil cross section and the path of soil cutter movement in the process of operation were established. According to agronomic requirements, the ridge components were designed into trapezoidal box structure with front width and back narrow, upper narrow and below width, and the ridge cover length was determined to be 300 mm by analysis. The results of field tests showed that the average stability coefficients of ridge width, ridge height and furrow width were 96.26%, 93.34% and 89.09%, respectively, under the condition that the previous crop was rice or rapeseed and the ridges were full without high or low ridge, wide or narrow ridge. The surface flatness, soil fragmentation rate and vegetation coverage rate were 2.06 cm, 92.32% and 85.32%, respectively. All indexes were in line with industry standards and design requirements. After operation, soil bulk density and water content decreased by 14.31% and 11.25%, respectively, which improved soil structure and permeability.