氮磷钾及有机肥对马铃薯生长发育和干物质积累的影响

采取田间试验,探讨不同施肥处理对马铃薯生长发育及干物质积累的影响.结果表明,N1PKM处理(氮300 kg·hm^-2,磷200 kg· hm^-2,钾200 kg·hm^-2,有机肥17.5 t·hm^-2)的马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量最高,比对照处理的叶片叶绿素a、b、总量分别高出15.12％、18.18％和36.37％。施用磷肥有效促进了叶面积的增加,N₁PKM、N₁P、N₁PK、P处理的叶面积比对照分别高出27.78％,24.57％,20.26％和20.16％。其中施用磷肥促进马铃薯根系生长的效果最明显,而单施钾肥、有机肥对根长发育的影响不明显。氮、磷、钾、有机肥配比施用可以促进马铃薯地上及地下部的生长,采用氮磷钾与有机肥配合施用时,马铃薯干物质累积总量N₁PKM＞ N1PK＞ N₁K＞N₁P。N₁PKM处理的马铃薯生物量较对照显著提高了117.1％,可以作为旱地马铃薯的施肥方案。

Effects of N-P-K and organic fertilizers on growth and dry matter accumulation of potato

Randomized field experiments were conducted in this study to investigate effects of different fertilizer treatments on growth indexes, dry matter accumulation and living weight of potatoes. The result showed that N₁PKM treatment gained the highest chlorophyll contents, in which contents of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll amount increased by 15.12%,18.18% and 36.37% than CK, respectively. The application of phosphorus fertilizer promoted increase of leaf area. N₁PKM,N₁P,N₁PK,P treatments increased leaf area by 27.78%,24.57%,20.26% and 20.16% than CK, respectively. Application of phosphorus fertilizers obtained the best results on promoting root growth of potatoes, but no obvious effect observed on root growth by using potassium and manure. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the most important nutrient elements in potatoes. Appropriate ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer in fertilization treatments could promote the growth of both above ground and underground of potatoes.The results of total dry matter accumulation of potatoes in different fertilization treatments showed that N₁PKM>N₁PK>N₁K>N₁P. Living weight of potatoes in N₁PKM treatment was increased by 117.1% than CK. In conclusion, N₁PKM could be used as fertilization formula of potatoes in drought land.