氮、钾及其互作对两种质型小麦品质性状的影响

在大田条件下对弱筋小麦豫麦50和强筋小麦郑麦9023的主要基础品质性状、粉质及拉伸特性和淀粉糊化特性的氮、钾效应进行了研究。结果表明；增施氮、钾肥对强筋小麦郑麦9023的主要基础品质性状、粉质及拉伸特性的调节效应大于对弱筋小麦豫麦50的调节效应，而对淀粉糊化特性的调节效应则是豫麦50大干郑麦9023。增施氮肥降低了两种质型小麦的籽粒硬度。提高了籽粒的面筋含量，对两种质型小麦的吸水率、形成时间和弱化度及拉伸面积和延展性呈正效应；增施钾肥显著提高了郑麦9023的形成时间和稳定时间。对豫麦50的粉质仪参数呈负效应。而对郑麦9023呈正效应。氮钾配合施用提高了两种质型小麦的吸水率、弱化度，显著提高了籽粒面筋含量。特别是强筋小麦郑麦9023的含量，显著提高了郑麦9023的形成时间和稳定时间，增加了两种质型小麦籽粒的延展性，降低了小麦籽粒的拉伸阻力和最大抗阻；对于淀粉糊化特性，增施氮、钾肥及氮钾配合施用对豫麦50呈正效应（除稀懈值外），施氮的效应最大；增施氮、钾肥及氮钾配合施用增加了郑麦9023的稀懈值，而对其余淀粉糊化特性指标呈负效应，氮钾配合施用的影响最大。

Effects of nitrogen, potassium and their interactions on quality characteristics of two different gluten wheat cultivars

in order to understand the effects of nitrogen, potassium and their interactions on quality characteristics of winter wheat with different gluten type, two varieties with strong and weak gluten, Zhengmai9023 and Yumai50, were cultivated under the field condition. The results indicated that the regulation effect of nitrogen, potassium and their interactions on main basic quality characteristics, farinograms and extensograms of Zhengmai9023 was higher than on those of Yumai50, but the regulation effect on the properties of starch pasting was opposite. Nitrogen decreased kernel hardness and increased gluten content of two wheat cultivars, and had positive influence on water absorption, development time, degree of softening, extension area and extensibility. Potassium significantly prolonged the development time and stability time of Zhengmai9023. As for the rheological parameters, potassium had negative influence on Yu- mai50 and positive influence on Zhengmai9023. With the compounded application of nitrogen and potassium, the water absorption, degree of softening, gluten content and extensibility of both Zhengmai9023 and Yumai50 were increased, while the extensible resistance and maximum resistance was reduced; the development time and stability time of Zhengmai9023 was significantly prolonged. Nitrogen, potassium and their compounded application had positive influence on the starch pasting properties of Yumai50 except for breakdown value, and the effect of nitrogen was the highest; however, they had negative influence on the starch pasting properties of Zhengmai9023 except for breakdown value, and the effect of compounded application of nitrogen and potassium was the highest.