喷灌冬小麦农田土壤水分分布特征及水量平衡

以传统地面灌溉(畦灌)为对照,分析了喷灌条件下,冬小麦农田土壤水分分布特征和水量平衡。结果表明:喷灌条件下土壤水分运动表现出明显的非饱和土壤水运动特征,地面灌溉条件下土壤水分运动具有饱和土壤水运动的特征。喷灌条件下灌溉水主要分布在土壤表层0~50 cm范围内,地面灌溉条件下灌溉水可达地表以下150 cm处。喷灌条件下,没有明显的土壤水分渗漏发生;地面灌溉条件下,土壤水分渗漏量占灌溉水量的10%左右。2003年和2004年试验期间,喷灌蒸散量分别为312.2 mm和324.4 mm,分别比地面灌溉蒸散量少13.1 mm和35.1mm。

Soil water distribution characteristics and water balance in winter wheat field under sprinkler irrigation

The characteristics of soil water distribution and soil water balance of winter wheat were analyzed under sprinkler irrigation,with surface irrigation(border irrigation) as the control treatment.The experimental results indicated that the soil water movement under sprinkler irrigation appeared obviously the characteristics of unsaturated water movement,while that under surface irrigation presented the characteristics of saturated water movement.The irrigation water was distributed in 0~50 cm soil layer under sprinkler irrigation,and it could reach 150 cm layer below ground surface under surface irrigation.There was no obvious soil water percolation under sprinkler irrigation,but the rate of water percolation was about 10% of irrigation amount under surface irrigation.During the experiment periods in 2003 and 2004,the evapotranspiration of sprinkler irrigation was 312.2 mm and 324.4 mm,respectively,being 13.1 mm and 35.1 mm less than that of surface irrigation.