白菜型冬油菜在北方寒旱区的适应性分析

采用多点试验,对白菜型冬油菜在北方地区的越冬率、生育期及产量进行比较,以分析其适应性.结果表明,不同冬油菜品种越冬率存在较大差异,依次表现为陇油6号＞陇油7号＞陇油8号＞陇油9号＞天油2号(CK)＞天油5号＞天油8号＞天油7号,其中陇油6号和陇油7号越冬率最高,分别为86.40％和85.53％,明显高于CK,而天油7号与天油8号的越冬率仅分别为54.07％和55.50％,均低于CK;同一参试品种在不同试点生育期差异较大,如陇油6号在秦王川试点,生育期长达300 d,而在和田,其生育期仅为251 d,较秦王川试点提前49 d;不同冬油菜品种间生育期差异也较大,在秦王川,陇油6号和陇油7号的生育期最长,为300 d,陇油8号为295 d,而其它各参试品种的生育期均为290 d,较陇油6号缩短了10 d;在不同试点,冬油菜农艺性状和含油率均存在较大差异.综合分析,陇油8号、陇油7号、陇油6号的丰产性和稳定性最好,其次为陇油9号;不同生态区区域适宜种植的冬油菜品种也有差异,其中陇油6号、陇油7号可成为北京及周边地区、新疆乌鲁木齐以西地区、甘肃中北部与河西走廊以及陕西靖边周边地区的主栽品种,而新疆乌鲁木齐以南地区应以陇油8号与陇油9号为主栽品种,天油2号、天油5号及天油8号也适宜在该地区种植.

Analysis of adaptility of Brassica rapa winter rape cultivars in cold and dry regions of North China

The regional trials were conducted to compare the winter survival rate, the growth period and yield of Brassica rapa winter rape cultivars in order to analyse their adaptility. The results showed that Longyou 6 and Longyou 7 had the highest winter survival rates, being 86.40% and 85.53% respectively, which were significantly higher than CK (Tianyou2), while the winter survival rates of Tianyou 5, Tianyou 7 and Tianyou 8 were all lower than CK. The growth period of the same winter rape cultivar varied mueh in different sites. For example, the growth period of Longyou 6 was 300 days in Qinwangchuan, but it was only 251 d in Khotan and was 49 d earlier than that in Qinwangchuan. The growth priods of different winter rape cultivars had large difference. For example, the growth periods of Longyou 6 and Longyou 7 were 300d in Qinwangchuan, while that of Longyou 8 was 285 d there. The others were 290 days, with 10d earlier than that of Longyou 6. The agronomic traits and average yield also varied greatly in different sites. In conclusion, the strain productivity and stability of Longyou 8, Longyou 7 and Longyou 6 were the best, followed by Longyou 9. The suitability of winter rape cultivars in different ecological regions was also different. Longyou 6 and longyou 7 were the most suitable cultivars in Beijing and its surrounding areas, west Xinjiang and north-central Gansu, Hexi corridor and Jingbian sur-rounding areas in Shaanxi. The Longyou 8 and Longyou 9 were the most suitable cultivars in south Xinjiang, and Tianyou 2, Tianyou 5 and Tianyou 8 were also suitable in this region.