垄膜沟播与平膜侧播对冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响

为了探索我国西北半湿润易旱区合理覆膜种植方式,为该区作物生产及覆膜种植制度的建立提供参考,本研究以传统平作为对照,设两种覆膜方式:垄膜沟播(R)与平膜侧播(F).结果表明,与传统平作(CK)相比,垄沟宽均为40 cm(R40)和60 cm(R60)的沟播处理全生育期0-200 cm土壤平均含水量分别提高8.82％(P ＜0.05)和10.84％ (P＜ 0.01),膜宽为40 cm(F40)和60 cm(F60)的侧播处理提高4.40％和3.96％,沟播处理较侧播处理平均提高了5.42％(P＜0.05).不同覆膜方式处理的旗叶叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)均较传统平作(CK)显著增加,同宽度的沟播处理较对应的侧播处理提高幅度明显,但胞间CO2浓度显著低于传统平作(CK).不同覆膜方式处理的小麦经济产量和水分利用效率均较传统平作(CK)显著提高,平均提高幅度达21.52％和30.97％,同宽度沟播处理的生物产量、经济产量和作物水分利用效率显著(P＜0.05)高于对应的侧播处理.试验表明,在半湿润旱作区冬小麦垄膜沟播是一种高效栽培模式.

Effects of furrow planting with ridge film mulching and side planting with flat film mulching on photosynthesis and yield of winter wheat

To investigate the rational film-covering planting pattern for sub-humid areas of Loess Plateau, two mea-sures of ridge (R) and flat (F) film mulching are adopted, taking traditional cultivation as the control, on soil moisture, photosynthetic indexes, chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) in flag leaves and grain yield of winter wheat under four film mulching treatments. The results showed that: compared to traditional cultivation(CK), in the whole growth period, the 0~200 cm soil moisture content in R40 and R60 treatments increased respectively by 8.82% and 10.84%, and the F40 and F60 had 4.40% and 3.96% improvement, while R treatment had averagely 5.42%(P<0.05) more than F treatment. In the film mulching modes, the SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in CK, and the R treatment significantly higher than F under the same film mulching width, and the intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) was significantly lower than CK(P<0.05). The economic yield and WUE of winter wheat under different film mulching were significantly higher than CK, and the average increasing rate was 20.18% and 30.97%. Compared to F treatment, the biomass, grain yield and WUE respectively increased under corresponding R treatment. The results indicate that furrow planting with ridge film mulching is a beneficial cultivating model in sub-humid areas of Loess Plateau for winter wheat.