荒漠绿洲香梨园覆草节水效应研究

南疆荒漠绿洲光热资源充足,但水资源短缺,严重制约了农业的发展。连续5a香梨园覆草节水试验结果表明:覆草能显著提高香梨产量和品质,5a间增产幅度为15.2%～65.3%;节水幅度达到28.8%～36.1%;土壤有机质含量增加25.6%～70.5%,速效氮、速效钾和速效磷的含量分别增加39.1～76.4mg/kg、4.5～18.0mg/kg、29.8～76.9mg/kg;0～30cm土层10.0mm直径总根数增加幅度达到55%～122.1%。经济效益分析表明:以覆草15cm厚度比较适宜,5a年均增产7514.3kg/hm2,年均收益达到12117.15元/hm2,节水效益达到508.55元/hm2,产投比为4.39。

Effect of straw mulching on water-saving of pear in desert oasis field

The light and heat resource, is rather abundant in the oasis area of South Xinjiang but lack of water resource severely restricts the development of agriculture. five-year experiment was carried out to study the effect of strew mulching on water-saving of "Xiangli" pear (Pyrus. sinkiangensis. Yu) grown on oasis soil. The results indicated that all the treatments of straw mulching with different covering thickness (20 cm; 15 cm; 10 cm; 5 cm) were beneficial for improving the yield and quality of pear. In the 5 years, the average increment of yield was 15.2%~65.3%; the water-saving efficiency was 28.8%~36.1%; the content of organic matter in the soil was increased by 25.6%~70.5%, and that of available N, P and K was increased by 39.1~76.4 mg/kg, 4.5~18.0 mg/kg and 29.8~76.9 mg/kg respectively. In the meantime, the number of roots with the diameter of more than 10 mm in 0~30 cm topsoil was raised by 55%~122.1%. Considering the economic value, the suitable covering thickness was 15 cm, with which the average yield, the water-saving efficiency and the net income were increased by 7514.3 kg/hm\ 2, 508.55 yuan/hm\ 2 and 12 117.15 yuan/hm\ 2 respectively, and the ratio was 4.39.