施肥对复垦土壤微生物代谢功能与苗期玉米生长的影响

利用Biolog-ECO技术、WinRHIZO扫描仪及其图像分析技术，研究了对照CK（施肥量为0）、施复合肥F（施肥量为600 kg·hm^-2）、施有机肥O（施肥量为7 500 kg·hm^-2）、有机无机肥配施OF（施肥量为复合肥300 kg·hm^-2+有机肥3 750 kg·hm^-2）处理下煤矸石复垦区土壤微生物群落代谢功能及苗期玉米根系形态等特征，结果表明：不同施肥处理下煤矸石复垦区土壤微生物群落功能多样性差异显著，OF处理下土壤微生物多样性Shannon-wiener指数与Simpson指数最高，分别为3.22和0.96， Eveness指数最低，为0.21，而CK处理与之相反，Shannon-wiener指数与Simpson指数最低，分别为3.07和0.95，Eveness指数最高，为0.23；影响该区域土壤微生物群落代谢功能多样性的关键碳源包括6种氨基酸（L-精氨酸、L-天冬酰胺酸、L-苯基丙氨酸、L-丝氨酸、L-苏氨酸、甘氨酰-L-谷氨酸)、4种酯（D-半乳糖酸γ内酯、丙酮酸甲酯、吐温40、吐温80）、1种胺（腐胺）、5种酸（D-半乳糖醛酸、2-羟苯甲酸、4-羟基苯甲酸、r-羟基丁酸、D-苹果酸）、3种糖（-甲基D-葡萄糖苷、葡萄糖-1-磷酸盐、a-环状糊精）、3种醇（I-赤藻糖醇、D,L-a-甘油、D-甘露醇）；OF处理下玉米根系形态参数如根长、根体积、根系分形维数及玉米生物性状如生物量、茎粗、株高等与CK处理差异最为显著，说明OF处理有利于煤矸石复垦土壤质量的恢复与提高，利于煤矸石复垦区玉米生长。

Effects of fertilization on metabolic function of microorganisms and growth of maize at seedling stage in reclaimed soil

In this paper, Biolog-ECO technology, WinRHIZO scanner and image analysis technology were used to study metabolic function of soil microbial community and root morphology of maize at seedling stage in the reclamation of coal gangue under CK (0 fertilizer), compound fertilizer F (600 kg·hm^-2), organic fertilizer O (7 500 kg·hm^-2), organic-inorganic compound fertilizer OF (300 kg·hm^-2+3 750 kg·hm^-2) treatments. The results showed that the Shannon-wiener index and the Simpson index were the highest at 3.22 and 0.96, respectively, and the Eveness index of 0.21 was the lowest under OF treatment while CK was opposite, Shannon-wiener index and the Simpson index were the lowest at the values of 3.07 and 0.95, respectively, the Eveness index peaked at 0.23. The key carbon source that affected the metabolic function diversity of microbial communities mainly included six kinds of amino acids (L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-phenylalanine, L-serine, L-threonine and glycyl-L-glutamic acid), four kinds of esters (D-galactosate gamma-lactone, methyl pyruvate, Twain 40, Twain 80), one amine (humus), five kinds of acids (D-galactosonic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, r-hydroxybutyric acid, D-malic acid), three kinds of sugars (Methyl-glucoside, glucose-1-phosphate, a-cyclic dextrin), three kinds of alcohols (I-alginol, D, L-a-glycerol, D-mannitol); OF treatment had great differences from CK on the aspects of maize root morphology such as root length, root volume, root fractal dimension and its biological traits such as biomass, stem thickness and height. It was indicated that OF treatment had the best effects on corn growth, and improved soil quality in the coal gangue reclamation.