抑制蒸腾对番茄生长及植株镁、钾、钙吸收的影响

北方日光温室生产中蔬菜频繁出现营养失调，导致产量、品质明显下降，为探明番茄养分失调是否与蒸腾受到抑制有关,通过2个水培试验分别研究了短期（24 h）及长期（24 d）喷施蒸腾抑制剂对中杂9号和改良毛粉两个番茄品种蒸腾、生物量和镁、钾及钙养分吸收的影响。结果表明：短期（24 h）抑制蒸腾，蒸腾量减少20.6%、镁吸收量减少4.5%，蒸腾与番茄镁吸收呈显著正相关关系；长期（24 d）喷施蒸腾抑制剂减少了番茄生长量、光合速率，蒸腾量减少47.5%时镁吸收量减少17.1%，钾、钙吸收量分别减少12.9%和44.1%,不同番茄品种间对钾、钙、镁的吸收无显著差异。可见，抑制蒸腾减少番茄对镁、钾、钙的吸收。北方日光温室冬茬栽培中高湿、寡照等不良环境因子会诱导番茄营养失调症的发生。

Effect of anti-transpiration on growth and magnesium, potassium and calcium uptake in tomato plant

It is well known that nutrition disorder reduces yield and quality of tomato in solar greenhouses in northern China. This study investigated the effect of transpiration on uptake and transport of magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) in tomato plants. Two independent hydroponic experiments with different time periods (24 h and 24 d) were set up to evaluatethe effect of spray application of atranspiration inhibitor on the growth and Mg uptake of two tomato cultivars (Zhongza 9 and Gailiangmaofen). The short term (24 h) results showed that after spraying transpiration inhibitor, the transpiration and Mg uptake of tomato decreased by 20.6% and 4.5%, respectively, and it was positively correlatedwith transpiration and Mg absorption. After 24 d of spraying transpiration inhibitor, the growth and photosynthetic rate decreased, and decrease in the transpiration and Mg uptake of tomato was 47.5% and 17.1%, respectively. Meanwhile,K and Ca uptake were also reduced by 12.9% and 44.1%, respectively.In conclusion, inhibiting transpiration reduced Mg, K, and Ca uptake and transport in tomato plants.Adverse environmental factors such as high humidity and weak sunlight will induce nutrition disorder intomato plants in greenhouses in northern China.