东北地区粮食生产的结构变动及比较优势分析

用产量和播种面积两个指标,分析改革开放以来东北地区粮食生产的变化及其结构变动趋势。采用显示性比较优势指数,分析了东北地区主要粮食作物玉米、大豆、水稻、小麦的综合比较优势。结果表明东北地区粮食生产呈波动型增长趋势,基本形成以玉米、大豆、水稻为主的生产能力结构,粮食生产的专业化、区域化趋势明显。玉米、大豆具有较强的显示性比较优势,水稻、小麦不具有显示性比较优势,但具有一定的质量和效率比较优势。提出了可为东北地区农业结构优化和粮食生产布局借鉴的粮食生产结构调整对策措施。

An analysis of structure change and comparative advantage of grain production in northeast China

As one of the biggest commodity grain bases in China, northeast China plays an important role in national grain security. The paper discussed the trend of structure changes of grain production between 1978 and 2002 based on grain yields and planting areas. Aggregated comparative advantage of corn, soybean, rice and wheat were analyzed applying Revealed Comparative Advantage Index. The grain yield kept increasing as a whole but fluctuated frequently. Trend of specialization and regionalization was obviously with the grain production converging to predominant areas, and the production pattern of corn, soybean and rice as priority was set up. The Aggregated Comparative Advantage of corn and soybean was stronger than that of rice and wheat, but there was some advantage of quality and efficiency for the latter. Countermeasures of structure adjustment of grain production were put forward so as to optimize agricultural structure and grain production distribution in northeast China.