甘蓝型冬油菜在西北寒旱区适应性分析

为了研究甘蓝型冬油菜在西北寒旱区的适应性,以29份甘蓝型冬油菜品系为材料,分析在天水、兰州两个试点越冬率、生育期、产量、含油量及农艺性状的差异。结果表明,参试品系在天水试点越冬率均高于兰州试点,在天水试点,21份参试品系越冬率80.00%以上,而兰州试点在覆盖条件下越冬率平均为14.49%,最高为平甘1号(48.50%)。联合方差表明,试点气候差异是引起越冬率差异的最主要原因。与天水试点相比,参试品系北移至兰州试点后越冬期延长,冬后生育期缩短,全生育期延长;在天水试点参试品系株高、分枝部位、主花序长度、千粒重、折合每667 m~2产量、含油量平均值分别为133.52 cm、32.79 cm、51.37 cm、3.15 g、184.20 kg、40.16%,较兰州分别高22.11 cm、31.58 cm、2.47 cm、0.66 g、160.54 kg、22.54%;变异分析表明,在天水试点参试品系越冬率、主要农艺性状、产量、含油量变异系数相对兰州试点较小,相对稳定。结论:天水试点气候条件更适合甘蓝型冬油菜的生长,参试品系越冬率高、农艺性状良好、产量高、含油量高,适应性强。

Analysis of adaptability of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in cold and drought areas of Northwest China

To study the suitability of Brassica napus L.in cold and dry regions of northwest China,in this study,29 lines of Brassica napus L.were compared on their winter-survival,growth period,yield components,oil content and agronomic traits in Tianshui and Lanzhou.The results showed that wintering rates of all tested lines in Tianshui site were higher than those in Lanzhou.In Tianshui,over-wintering rates of 21 tested lines were higher than 80.0％ in.However,in Lanzhou,the average over-wintering rate with mulching was 14.49％ and the highest was 48.5％ for Pinggan 1.The combined variance showed that pilot climate difference was the main reason causing the difference in over-wintering rate.Compared with those in Tianshui,northward-expanded (Lanzhou) rapeseed plants exhibited great changes in the progression of growth,as reflected mainly by the significantly prolonged over-wintering period,shortened growth period in postwinter and prolonged whole growth period.In Tianshui,plant height,branch height,length of main florescence,1000-seed weight,yield per 667 m2 and averaged oil content were 133.52 cm,32.79 cm,51.37 era,3.15 g,184.20 kg and 40.16％,higher than those of 22.11 cm,31.58 cm,2.47 cm,0.66 g,160.54 kg and 22.54％ in Lanzhou.The variation analysis showed that in Tianshui,the over-wintering rate,the main agronomic traits,yield and oil content variation coefficient were relatively stable,less than those in Lanzhou.In conclusion,it is indicated that Tianshui has the characteristics of outstanding over-wintering rate,good agronomic characters,high yield,high oil content,and wide adaptation.