高寒地区芸豆氮肥与密度优化组合模式研究

以黑龙江省北部主栽芸豆品种英国红为试验材料,分析了氮肥和密度对生育期、形态特征、产量、产量构成因素、商品与营养品质等方面的影响。结果表明:N肥会显著增加各个生育时期和生育期的天数,低密度时差异不显著,超过20万株·hm-2差异显著。单株荚数、单荚粒数和百粒重随着密度的增加而降低,各氮肥处理间差异不显著;芸豆的商品率随着密度的增大而降低;N肥45 kg·hm-2和密度10万株·hm-2的组合脂肪含量最大为1.51%,各处理间差异显著;蛋白质最大值出现在N肥60 kg·hm-2和10万株·hm-2的密度与氮肥组合上,最大值为14.55%,与N肥45 kg·hm-2和10万株·hm-2组合差异不显著,与其它组合间差异显著;N30 kg·hm-2和20万株·hm-2组合产量最高,为3 418.56 kg·hm-2,与N肥45 kg·hm-2和15万株·hm-2组合产量(3 417.46 kg·hm-2)相当,与其他组合间差异显著。综合种植的经济效益和品质分析,最为理想栽培模式为N肥45 kg·hm-2和15万株·hm-2组合。

Investigation on optimal mode of nitrogen and planting density for kidney bean in frigid region

To investigate the effects of nitrogen and planting density on field production ,yield formation indexes , products and nutritional quality of kidney bean in north frigid region of Heilongjiang Province were studied .The result in-dicated that N fertilizer could significantly increase growth period and growth stage .The difference was not obvious by low density planting ,while it reached significant level when the density was over 20 × 104 plants·hm - 2 .Number of pods per plant ,pods grain number and grain weight were reduced with the increase of the density .No significant differences were observed among different nitrogen treatments .Commodity rate of kidney bean became decreased with the increase of den-sity .Maximal Fat value (1 .51% ) was reached by the combination of 45 kg·hm - 2 nitrogen and 10 × 104 plants·hm - 2 density .No significant differences were found among the different treatments .The maximal protein content (14 .55% ) was obtained through the combination of 60 kg·hm - 2 nitrogen and 10 × 104 plants·hm - 2 density .No significant differ-ences were seen in this combination ,whereas significant ones were found in other combinations .Bean yield reached the highest level of 3 418 .56 kg·hm - 2 by 30 kg·hm - 2 nitrogen and 20 × 104 plants·hm - 2 density ,which was similar to the yield by N 45 kg·hm - 2 and 15 × 104 (3 417 .46 kg·hm - 2 ) and was significantly different from other combinations .In conclusion ,through the analyses of economic benefits and grain quality ,the best cultivation mode is the combination of 45 kg·hm - 2 nitrogen and 15 × 104 plants·hm - 2 plant density .