旱地谷子渗水地膜覆盖栽培的土壤水温效应及其生长发育研究

为了给旱地谷子渗水地膜覆盖栽培技术的推广应用提供参考,在年降雨量400 mm的甘肃中部半干旱地区研究了旱地谷子渗水地膜覆盖种植的土壤水分、地温效应及对其生长发育的影响。试验设露地、普通地膜覆盖、渗水地膜覆盖3个处理,采用单因素随机区组设计,在谷子出苗期、抽穗期、成熟期分别测定各处理耕层含水量、温度,收获后记产。结果表明:渗水地膜的渗水作用使其比普通地膜能接纳更多的雨水(在抽穗期,渗水地膜下0~20、20~40、40~60 cm耕层的含水量分别为8.1%、10.3%、12.7%,而普通地膜为8.1%、9.3%、12.6%,在成熟期,渗水地膜覆盖0~20、20~40、40~60 cm耕层的含水量分别为7.4%、9.6%、10.7%,而普通地膜为5.8%、6.3%、9.1%,均是T1T2);渗水地膜和普通地膜都具有提高地温的作用,而且渗水地膜在温度较低时提高地温的效果更优于普通地膜(在谷子成熟期,当温度低于15℃时,T1T2),在温度较高时渗水地膜的微气孔张开,具有调温作用,使得在气温较高时渗水地膜覆盖下的地温明显低于普通地膜覆盖下的地温(在出苗期的12∶00和18∶00普通地膜下温度超过30℃时,T2、T1之间的差值明显增大);渗水地膜覆盖处理较普通地膜相比,具有改善谷子农艺性状的作用,且使谷子增产6.75%。

Effects of water-permeability plastic film mulching on soil moisture, temperature and growth and development of foxtail millet in dry land

In order to provide reference for the popularization and application of water-permeability plastic film mulching cultivation technology on foxtail millet in dryland, effects of water-permeability plastic film mulching on soil moisture, temperature and growth and development of foxtail millet in dry land were investigated on the study. In semi-arid area of central Gansu where annual rainfall is about 400 mm, the single factor randomized block design with open ground, common plastic film mulching, and water-permeability plastic film treatments were adopted and soil moisture content, soil temperature, and yield were measured at emergence, heading, and maturation stages in the experiment. The results showed that water-permeability plastic film with moisture permeable function enabled soil to absorb more water than common plastic film (the average soil moisture content of water-permeability plastic film is higher than the common plastic film in each growth period). Water-permeability plastic membrane and common plastic film mulching both increased soil temperature. However, due to the regulatory function of micropores in water-permeability plastic film, it was easier to have temperature increased at low temperatures and cause temperature reduced at high temperatures than the common plastic film. Compared with common plastic film, water-permeability plastic film treatment can improve agronomic traits and increase foxtail millet yield by 6.75%.