可降解地膜对新疆南疆棉花生长和产量的影响

以诱导期为30~120 d的15种可降解地膜为供试材料,无膜及普通聚乙烯膜(Polyethylene,PE膜)为对照,于2008—2009年在新疆南疆地区的阿拉尔市开展了可降解地膜覆盖棉花的田间试验,研究可降解地膜的降解及其对棉花生长及产量的影响。结果表明:可降解地膜比普通PE膜先表现出破裂降解的现象,其中,诱导期为90 d的北京1#可降解地膜在棉田覆盖45 d后最早出现破裂;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察表明,与普通PE膜相比较,诱导期为80 d的北京1#可降解地膜在棉田覆盖145 d后,表面有明显的条状裂缝。覆盖可降解地膜的棉花在苗期、蕾期、开花期和花铃期的生长发育指标(株高、真叶数、单株铃数、果枝数、地上部干物质重)以及单株铃数和果枝数总体上要高于无膜处理,但是与普通PE膜处理无显著差异;覆盖可降解地膜对棉花的衣分和单铃重无显著影响;与无膜处理相比较,覆盖可降解地膜能显著增加籽棉产量,但覆盖可降解地膜与普通PE膜处理之间的籽棉产量无显著差异。

The effect of degradable agricultural mulch films on the growth and yield of cotton in Southern Xinjiang

Field experiments with 15 kinds of degradable agricultural plastic films mulching cotton were carried out on the Southern Xinjiang ,China during the period of 2008—2009 .The 15 degradable agricultural plastic films with in-duction time of 30~120 days were manufactured by three factories in Beijing ,Sichuan and Shanxi Province ,China .The polyethylene (PE) and non-mulching film treatments were used as the black treatments .This paper studied on degrada-tion characteristics of degradable agricultural plastic films ,and the effects of them on the growth and yield of cotton .The results showed that the degradable agricultural plastic films degraded with breaks and holes ,while the PE plastic films did not .The degradable agricultural plastic film of Beijing 1# with induction time of 90 days broke easily as compared to other films after mulching cotton 45 days .In comparison with the PE film ,the degradable agricultural plastic film of Beijing 1# with induction time of 80 days was observed with some significant strip cracks in the scanning electron mi-croscopy (SEM ) graph after mulching cotton 145 days .Compared with non-mulching film treatment ,degradable plastic films covering had a significant influence on cotton plant height ,leaf number ,boll number per plant ,the number of branch and aboveground dry matter weights during different growth stages ,as well as bolls/plant and number of fruiting branch/plant .However ,there were no significant differences in these characteristics between mulching degradable agri-cultural plastic films and PE film .There were also no significant differences in lint percent ,single boll weight and seed cotton yield between degradable agricultural plastic films and conventional PE film .Mulching of degradable agricultural plastic films can significantly increase the yield of cotton than non-mulching film treatment .