旱区“环状毛细芯渗灌”对葡萄生长发育和果实品质的影响研究

"环状毛细芯渗灌"是利用毛细现象的原理,在已有的毛细直芯基础上增加一个毛细环,通过毛细芯浸润方式给植物根部供水的节水渗灌方法。试验在宁夏自治区永宁县玉泉营农场的红地球(Vitis vinifera L.cv.red globe)葡萄园内进行,灌溉方式为环状毛细芯渗灌与常规沟灌(CK);毛细芯渗灌的灌水次数分为一次和两次,每次灌满一桶水(100L),水由毛细芯慢慢渗出,常规沟灌的灌水次数为两次;环状毛细芯的埋藏深度分为两种:30cm深和土壤表面(0cm深)。试验结果表明,处理0*1(环状毛细芯表面渗灌、一次灌水)下副稍增长量最大,与常规沟灌存在显著差异(P0.05)。在相同灌水量下,处理0*1副稍增长量高于处理30*1(地下30cm深的环状毛细芯渗灌、一次灌水)。处理0*2(表面渗灌、两次灌水)叶中脉长势最好。处理0*2、0*1相比于其它处理果实粒径增长量最大,处理0*1横径增长速度比CK提高了55.6%,这说明环状毛细芯渗灌有效促进了葡萄果实的增长。在相同灌水量下,表面渗灌下葡萄粒径的长势明显好于30cm深的渗灌。处理30*2(地下30cm深的环状毛细芯渗灌、两次灌水)百粒重比相同灌水量下的CK提高了30%。常规沟灌下脯氨酸含量最高,处理30*2脯氨酸含量最低;在相同灌水量下,表面渗灌下脯氨酸含量高于30cm深的渗灌,这说明30cm深的毛细芯渗灌能较好地减轻植物的水分胁迫。处理30*2与30*1的可溶性固形物较高,处理30*1的糖酸比最高;在相同灌水量下,30cm深的渗灌下葡萄糖酸比高于表面渗灌。从最终产量和果实品质的角度看,处理30*2是旱区葡萄着色期~成熟期最好的组合。

Influence research on infiltration irrigation by annular capillary wicking to growing development and fruit quality of grape in arid region

Developing water-saving irrigation was extremely urgent, due to the water shortage problem was seriously threatened the grape production in arid region. The infiltration irrigation by annular capillary wicking was the water saving infiltration irrigation method by using the principle of capillary phenomenon to add an annular capillary wicking based on the existing capillary straight wicking, and through the infiltration mode by capillary wicking supplied water to crop root zone. The experiment was carried out in vineyard named as Vitis vinifera L. cv. red globe, the irrigation methods were infiltration irrigation by annular capillary wicking and the conventional furrow irrigation (CK). The infiltration irrigation times was divided into once and twice, each time filled a bucket of water (100L). The furrow irrigation time was twice. The buried depths for the annular capillary wicking was divided into two types as 30cm and 0cm on soil surface.The experimental results showed that: The lateral shoot growth was the maximum by the treatment 0*1 (soil surface infiltration irrigation by annular capillary wicking, one time irrigation) and existed a significant difference with the conventional furrow irrigation (P<0.05). Under the same irrigation amount, the lateral shoot growth by the 0*1 treatment was higher than the 30*1 treatment (infiltration irrigation by annular capillary wicking buried 30cm depth, one time irrigation). The leaf midrib growth was the best by the 0*2 treatment (soil surface infiltration irrigation, two times irrigation). The treatments 0*1 and 0*2 compared with other treatments, the fruit berry diameter growth was the maximum, and the speed of berry transverse diameter for 0*1 treatment was increased 55.6% than the CK. This explained the infiltration irrigation by the annular capillary wicking was effectively promoted the grape fruit berry growth. The growth of grape berry diameter by the soil surface infiltration irrigation was significantly better than the irrigation by buried 30cm depth under the same irrigation amount. The 100 berry weight of 30*2 treatment (infiltration irrigation by annular capillary wicking buried 30cm depth, two times irrigation) was increased 30% than CK with the same irrigation amount. The proline content by the conventional furrow irrigation was the highest, while the proline content of the 30*2 treatment was the lowest. Under the same irrigation amount, the proline content by the surface infiltration irrigation was higher than the infiltration irrigation buried 30cm depth, it explained that infiltration irrigation by annular capillary wicking buried 30cm depth can be effectively reduced the plant water stress. The soluble solids of 30*2 and 30*1 treatments were higher than other treatments, and the sugar-acid ratio of 30*1 treatment was the highest. Under the same irrigation amount, the sugar-acid ratio of the infiltration irrigation by buried 30cm depth was higher than the soil surface infiltration irrigation. In general, from the point of view of final yield and fruit quality, the treatment 30*2 was the best combination for the grape color-changed to maturity stage in arid region.