植物之间互作效应及其生理机制

在分析不同植物互作效应的基础上,就互作效应在农林复合系统中对植物体内养分、土壤养分有效性及植物生物学产量等的影响进行了概述,(1)互作促进了植物根系生长,使植物根系表现出较强的竞争作用,也有利于根系间的养分竞争;(2)植物之间的他感作用普遍存在于自然生态系统及栽培生态系统中,在植物资源配置时应充分利用这种相生相克作用;(3)互作促使植物体内的养分转移,改善体内的养分状况,达到植物之间养分互补;(4)互作可以有效地提高土壤肥力,改善土壤的养分状况和根际养分吸收环境,维持植物生产力;(5)互作能更有效地利用光、热、水、土和养分等资源,并减轻病虫危害,表现出明显的产量优势。在豆科与非豆科植物互作中,豆科植物的生物固氮作用为其互作植物提供了氮素营养保证,这种形式互作的产量优势通常在缺氮情况下表现更为明显。

Interaction effect and physiological mechanism in plants

The research on interaction effect and physio-ecological mechanisms in plants has the positive instruction on the recovery and reconstruction of vegetation and improvement of productivity in the agri-forestry ecosystem. Based on the analysis of the interaction effect among different plants, it has been emphasized to summarize the influence of plant interaction on nutrient availability in plant and soil as well as plant biomass in agri-forestry system. And the main conclusions have been as follows: (1) The plant interaction could accelerate the growth of roots and strengthen the nutrient competition among plant roots. (2) The allelopathy effect among plants exists universally in natural and cultivated ecosystem, which should be well utilized in plant farming. (3) The interaction contributes to the nutrient transfer in the body of plant and improves the nutrient status, so it achieves the nutrient complementary between two plants. (4) The interaction could enhance soil fertility effectively, improve nutrient status in soil and nutrient absorption in the rhizosphere, and also maintain plant productivity. (5) The interaction would be favorable for plants to use available resources such as light, heat, water, soil as well as nutrient and alleviate damages from the pests as possible, which is beneficial to increase crop yield. In both the mutual cultivated plants, leguminous plant due to its ability of nitrogen fixation can provide enough nitrogen nutrients for its partner. Therefore, the mutual complementary of nitrogen and reduction of volatilization and eluviation in nitrogen would contribute to the high crop yield. Generally, this positive effect attributed to interaction effect would become more evident under the condition of nitrogen deficiency.