平作区棉秆粉碎与残膜回收联合作业机设计与试验

针对新疆平作区残膜回收作业过程中秸秆粉碎合格率低、残膜回收率低的问题,设计了一种秸秆粉碎与残膜回收联合作业机。对甩刀秸秆粉碎过程进行受力分析,确定了刀轴最佳转速为2 000 r·min-1。对起膜铲起膜机理和残膜捡拾过程进行分析,确定了导曲面参数方程和残膜捡拾装置主要工作参数。以机具作业速度v、起膜铲入土倾角α和残膜输送链转速n为影响因素,以秸秆粉碎合格率Y1和残膜回收率Y2为评价指标进行田间试验。结果表明:当起膜铲入土角为30°,机具前进速度为5.5 km·h-1,残膜输送链转速为120 r·min-1时,秸秆粉碎合格率为91.5%,残膜回收率为85.7%,整机运行状态良好,满足秸秆粉碎还田与残膜回收的技术要求。

Design and test of combined equipment for chopping cotton stalk and recycling plastic film in the field

In order to solve the problem of efficiently collecting plastic film residue and chopping cotton stalk after harvesting cotton in Xinjiang, an equipment combining chopping the stalk and collecting plastic film residue was designed and tested. By analyzing the force of the stalk crushing, it showed that the optimal rotation speed of the cutter shaft was 2 000 r·min^-1. After the analysis of the film releasing mechanism of this equipment, its design parameters were determined. Using driving speed, shovel entering angle, and rotating speed of film conveying chains as the influencing factors and the acceptability of chopping stalks and recovering of plastic film residues as the evaluation indicators, a field test was conducted. Meanwhile, parameters that impact the entire performance were analyzed to acquire the optimal relevant parameters and verify them by comparing to the current national industrial standards. The results indicated that when driving speed was 5.5 km·h^-1, shovel entering angle was 30°, and rotation of plastic film conveying chains was 120 r·min^-1, the acceptability of crushing stalk was 91.5% and the recovery rate of the plastic film residue was 85.7%. The running state of the entire equipment was good and that met the technical requirements of equipment for crushing and returning cotton stalks to fields and recovering plastic film residues in the field at the same time. This research results can provide important reference information for designing the combined equipment of chopping cotton stalk and recovering plastic film residues in the field.