测墒补灌对新麦26产量、品质及耗水特性的影响

于2015—2016年选用优质小麦品种新麦26进行大田试验,在拔节期和开花期分别设置目标相对含水量为田间持水量的70%、75%、80%进行补灌。通过3个测墒补灌处理W70、W75、W80和一个传统灌溉Wck,用全生育期补灌水(W0)为对照,研究不同生育时期和不同目标含水量的测墒补灌对冬小麦产量、耗水特性、品质等的影响。结果得出:冬小麦在拔节期和开花期补充灌水量为WckW80W75W70;四个灌水处理下冬小麦对土壤水的消耗量主要分布在0～80 cm土层且测墒补灌处理增加了对土壤水的消耗比例。三个测墒补灌处理下的冬小麦湿面筋含量显著高于Wck。水分利用效率为W75W70W80WckW0,W70、W75、W8处理之间差异不显著。W75处理下籽粒产量显著高于W70。综合考虑不同处理的灌水量、籽粒产量和水分利用效率等指标,可得在本试验条件下在冬小麦的需水关键期(拔节期、开花期)将土壤墒情保持在田间持水量的75%为较佳灌水处理,冬小麦高产节水成效显著。

Effects of soil moisture monitoring based supplemental irrigation on the yield, quality and water consumption characteristics of Xinmai 26

In this study, a high\|quality wheat variety, Xinmai 26, was used for field trials in 2015-2016 season. The targeted relative water contents were set as 70% (W70), 75% (W75), and 80% (W80) of field capacity at the jointing and flowering stages. The W70, W75, W80, and a traditional irrigation (Wck) were applied by three kinds of sputum irrigation at different growth stages and the total growth period (W0) was used as a control to study the yield and quality of winter wheat. The results showed that the supplementary irrigation amount on winter wheat at jointing and flowering stages ranged in the order of Wck>W80>W75>W70. The soil water consumption of winter wheat under four irrigation treatments was mainly distributed in 0~80 cm soil layer and the supplemental irrigation based on the soil moisture monitoring data increased the consumption of the proportion of soil water. The wet gluten content of winter wheat under three mulching irrigation treatments was significantly higher than that under Wck. The water use efficiency was ranked as W75>W70>W80>Wck>W0. The difference among W70, W75, and W80 was not significant while the grain yield under W75 treatment was significantly higher than that of W70. Considering the different treatments of irrigation amount, grain yield, and water use efficiency, it is concluded that W75 at growth critical stages, jointing and flowering, was the optimum water content for high yield and water saving in winter wheat growth season.