甘肃省主要农作物需水量时空变化特征分析

采用联合国粮农组织(FAO)推荐的Penman-Monteith公式,计算出甘肃省1960～2000年主要农作物(春、冬小麦,玉米,马铃薯)生育期内逐日需水量,统计分析其时空变化特征和不同作物生育期日均需水量变化规律。研究表明,随纬度的增加作物需水量增大,需水量高值区对应甘肃省的干旱、半干旱地区。作物需水量在近40a内呈现下降的趋势,并且河西地区下降趋势明显大于河东。对几种作物的逐日需水量分析发现,出苗～开花期,作物日需水量缓慢增大;开花～乳熟为需水高峰期,进入作物生长旺盛阶段,乳熟期后日需水量迅速下降。

Temporal and spatial analysis of the water requirements of major crops in Gansu province

Penman-Monteith formulae recommended by the FAO of the united nation were adopted to calculate the daily water requirements of the major crops (spring wheat, winter wheat, maize and potato) so as to statistically analyze their temporal and spatial changes and thus set up their patterns in different crops. The research showed that the water requirements rose with increased latitude and the higher water requirements matched with the arid and semi-arid regions of Gansu province; the water requirements had tended to decrease in the last forty years and the tendency appeared more strongly in the western part of Gansu corridor than the eastern part of the corridor. the analysis of the water daily requirements of several crops indicated that the crop water requirements increased from seedling emerging to flowering, peaked between flowering and milky maturity with the crops growing luxuriantly, and declined quickly after milky maturity.