不同覆盖方式对温室葡萄耗水规律和产量的影响

为筛选出适合河西走廊地区的日光温室葡萄最佳覆盖模式,在张掖市水务局灌溉试验站,设白膜+秸秆覆盖、黑膜+秸秆覆盖、白膜覆盖、黑膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和砂子覆盖等不同覆盖处理,对温室葡萄耗水规律和产量表现进行了研究分析。结果表明:1不同覆盖方式均可增加土壤含水量,秸秆+黑膜覆盖下的土壤含水量最大,全生育期内秸秆+黑膜覆盖下的土壤相对含水量达到了16.54%,单一的秸秆覆盖的土壤含水量在中后期也增大较快,土壤含水量增大到了17.64%,秸秆+地膜双重覆盖与单一的秸秆覆盖在中后期均能明显提高土壤储水能力;2不同覆盖处理相比对照(不覆盖)均能增加葡萄产量,以黑膜+秸秆覆盖葡萄的增产效果最好,增产高达28.85%(P0.05),白膜+秸秆覆盖增产25.53%(P0.05);3不同覆盖处理均能调节土壤温度,地膜+秸秆覆盖方式兼备了单一地膜和单一秸秆覆盖处理的特点,前期土壤升温幅度大于秸秆覆盖,后期降温趋势小于地膜覆盖,且以黑膜+秸秆覆盖较为明显,其处理下土壤温度保持在21.13℃左右;4各覆盖处理均可提高灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)和水分生产效率(WUE),达到节水增产的目的,以黑膜+秸秆效果最好,黑膜+秸秆覆盖处理的灌溉水利用效率和水分生产效率均最大,分别达到了6.53 kg·m~(-3)和5.88 kg·m~(-3)。

Effects of different mulching treatments on grape water consumption pattern and production in solar greenhouse

In order to select the best mulching pattern for grapes in solar greenhouse at Hexi corridor region ,this experiment was conducted at the irrigation experiment station of Zhangye Municipal Water Affairs Bureau where effects of different treatments were investigated on water consumption regularity and grape production in solar greenhouse . The treatments included straw and white mulching ,straw and black mulching ,white mulching ,black mulching and sand mulching .The results showed that different mulching approaches significantly increased soil moisture content .Straw and black mulching treatment resulted in the highest soil moisture content .Soil moisture content could be increased rapidly later by covering separate straws ,which significantly improved the soil water storage capacity using straw and mulching treatments .Additionally ,compared to the treatment without covering ,different covering treatments could increase grape production .In particular ,black film and straw covering gained the best yield with a 28 .58% increase ( P<0 .05 ) . White film and straw mulching treatment could reach an increase of 25 .53% ( P<0 .05 ) .Moreover ,different mulching treatments could regulate soil temperature .Straw and mulching film treatment was featured with characters as single film and single straw mulching ,causing greater increase in soil temperature than straw mulching at early stage ,whereas re-sulting in slower reduction in soil temperature than film mulching at late stage .The regulate capacity of straw and black film mulching was more obvious than that of others .Furthermore ,all mulching treatments could improve irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) ,achieving the water-saving purpose .Particularly ,black film and straw showed the best effect .