有机肥与化肥配施下土壤氮组分变化与氮素利用率研究

本文通过盆栽试验,在等量化肥配施等量有机肥的情况下,研究有机-无机肥料配合施用对土壤氮素组成、小麦产量及氮素利用率的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,有机肥与化肥配合施用不同程度地提高了土壤全氮、碱解氮、酸水解氮、非酸水解氮、微生物量氮、酸解铵态氮和氨基酸态氮含量,其中商品有机肥配施化肥处理的全氮、碱解氮、酸水解氮、非酸水解氮、微生物量氮和氨基酸态氮含量增加幅度最大,分别为8.33%、11.23%、7.17%、19.91%、23.53%和9.00%;化肥配施猪粪处理的酸解铵态氮含量增加幅度最大,为6.18%。猪粪、商品有机肥与化肥配合施用,投入总氮的当季利用率可以达到化肥处理的水平,相对而言,秸秆与化肥配合施用后对土壤有机氮各组分影响较小,氮素利用率较低,为23.95%。氮素利用率与土壤全氮、碱解氮、酸解氮、酸解铵态氮、氨基酸态氮、微生物量氮呈显著或极显著相关,非酸水解氮与氮素各组分以及氮素利用率均未达到显著相关水平。综上所述,不同有机肥与化肥配施虽然没有提高氮素利用率,但可改善土壤氮组分和土壤氮素养分状况。

Study on nitrogen composition variation and nitrogen use efficiency under combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer

In this paper, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic\|inorganic combined application on soil nitrogen composition, wheat yield, and nitrogen utilization under the condition of equal amount of chemical fertilizer combined with equal amount of organic fertilizer. The results showed that, compared with single application of chemical fertilizers, the combined application of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers improved soil total nitrogen, alkali hydrolysis nitrogen, acid hydrolysis nitrogen, non\|acid hydrolysis nitrogen, microbial nitrogen, acid hydrolysis ammonium nitrogen, and amino acid state to varying degrees. Nitrogen content, of which total nitrogen, alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, acid hydrolyzed nitrogen, non\|acid hydrolyzed nitrogen, microbial nitrogen, and amino acid nitrogen in the treatment of commercial organic fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizers increased the most, which were 8.33%, 11.23%, 7.17%, 19.91%, 23.53%, and 9.00%. The acid hydrolyzed ammonium nitrogen content in the treatment of fertilizer combined with pig manure increased the most, which was 6.18%. The seasonal utilization of total nitrogen in combined application of pig manure or commercial organic fertilizers reached the equivalent level of chemical fertilizer. Relatively speaking, the combined application of straw and chemical fertilizer had little effect on soil organic nitrogen components, and the nitrogen use efficiency was low, which was 23.95%. The nitrogen utilization efficiency was related to soil total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, and acid hydrolysis nitrogen. The acid hydrolyzed ammonium nitrogen, amino acid nitrogen, and microbial nitrogen were significantly or extremely significantly correlated, and non\|acid hydrolyzed nitrogen was not significantly correlated with nitrogen components and nitrogen utilization.