囊泡病毒和类囊泡病毒及其与寄生蜂之间的关系

囊泡病毒(ascoviruses)和类囊泡病毒(ascovirus-like viruses)通过寄生蜂para-sitoid wasp的产卵行为而散布于鳞翅目Lepidoptera幼虫体内,它与寄生蜂的关系多种多样。大部分的囊泡病毒和类囊泡病毒都是致病性的,由雌蜂携带传播。一些囊泡病毒和类囊泡病毒则是互利共生生物,其基因稳定地存在于寄生蜂的细胞核中,世代间垂直传播,通过抑制鳞翅目幼虫的防御机制来促进幼蜂的成功发育。囊泡病毒DpAV4则根据所处的寄生体系可以是致病性病毒、互利型或共生非致病性病毒。各种生物学特性显示囊泡病毒与寄生蜂之间的关系取决于寄生蜂控制病毒复制的调节因子,囊泡病毒与寄生蜂的关系类型依赖于它们之间关系得以进化的种类系统。

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ASCOVIRUSES/ASCOVIRUS- LIKE VIRUSES AND PARASITOID WASPS

Ascoviruses(and ascovirus-like viruses)are disseminated among larvae in lepidopteran populations by parasitic wasps during oviposition.The relationships of ascoviruses with these wasps vary greatly.Most ascoviruses are pathogens that female wasps vector transmit mechanically through generations. Some of ascoviruses are mutualistic,where their genome is stably maintained in wasp vector nuclei and transmitted vertically through generations,enhancing the successful development of the wasp larvae by suppressing lepidopteran defense mechanisms.The DpAV4 ascovirus may be pathogenic,mutual,or non-pathogenic symbiotic depending on the vector species.These various patterns of biology suggest that ascovirus/wasp relationships depend on wasp regulatory factors that control virus replication,and the relationship type of ascovirus/wasp depends upon the species system in which the relationship evolved.