远中5号中来自天兰偃麦草的一个染色体组对三种锈病的抗性作用

 八倍体小偃麦具有偃麦草的抗锈、大穗、多花等优良性状,是小麦育种中的重要种质资源。本研究通过体细胞染色体组型的观察和比较推断八倍体的小偃麦品种远中5号比其变异系多一组来自天兰(中间)偃麦草(Agropyron glaucum)的特有的染色体组EE或FF。远中5号与其变异系之间对三种锈病的抗性差异表明:远中5号对条锈菌七个生理小种(条中22、23、25、26、27、28、29)和对秆锈菌六个生理小种(21C3、34、34C1、34C2、34C4、119)的抗病基因由来自天兰偃麦草的EE或FF染色体组所携带,而在AABBDD染色体组上存在着对叶锈菌四个生理小种(叶中3、4、20、38)的抗病基因。在EE或FF染色体组上也可能含有抗叶锈病的基因,至少由于EE或FF染色体组的存在大大地提高了远中5号对叶锈病的抗病性。

THE RESISTANCE OF A GENOME FROM AGROPYRON GLAUCUM IN THE YUANZHONG NO.5 VARIETY TO THREE SPECIES OF WHEAT RUST

The octoploid Agrotriticum is an important germ plasm source in wheat improvement.It has many desirable characters, such as resistance to rust, long spike and mutiple floret, propably derived from Agropyron.In this study,through observation and comparision of somatic cell caryotypes, it was concluded that Yuanzhong No.5 has a singular extra genome (EE or FF) from Agropyron glaucum than its variant-line.The difference in resistance to the three species of wheat rust between Yuanzhong No.5 and its variant-line has indicated that the resistant gene (s) to the seven physiological races of yellow rust (Tiaozhong 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29) and the six physiological races of stem rust (21C3, 34, 34C1, 34C2, 34C4, 116) are carried by the EE or FF genome from Agropyron glaucum, while AABBDD genomes carry the resistance gene (s) to the four physiological races of leaf rust (Yiezhong 3, 4, 20, 38,),and that the genome EE or FF may have resistant gene (s) to leaf rust, or at least, the existance of genome EE or FF strenghens the resistance of Yuanzhong No.5 to these leaf rust races.