影响盾壳霉寄生核盘菌菌核的几个生态因子的分析

 在室内测定了盾壳霉(Coniothyrium minitans)对不同寄主上的核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)菌核的寄生致腐作用,研究了温度、含水量和土壤类型等生态因子对核盘菌菌核的寄生致腐作用的影响,通过检测土壤的呼吸速率探讨了它在土壤中定殖与核盘菌菌核的关系。结果表明:盾壳霉能寄生致腐核盘菌属所有供试菌株的菌核;寄生致腐菌核的最适温度是20℃,最适相对含水量为50%~60%;盾壳霉在供试的8种土壤中均能寄生致腐菌核,对它们的pH值要求不严格,但土壤类型影响其寄生致腐速度;在土壤中添加菌核和菌核提取液都可不同程度地刺激它的生长。

EFFECTS OF SOME ECOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE SCLEROTIAL ROT OF CONIOTHYRIUM MINITANS

The sensitivities of Sclerotinia spp. isolates from different hosts infected by Coniothyrium minitans were tested in laboratory. The effects of soil factors,such as soil temperature,soil related water content and soil type on C. minitans parasitizing sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were examined. The activity and colonization of C. minitans in soil were also detected by measuring the respiratory rate of soil when C. minitans was inoculated in laboratory. The results showed that the sclerotia of all Sclerotinia spp. isolates tested were high sensitive to C. minitans rather than to S. minor which showed moderate sensitivity. The optimum soil temperatrue and soil related water content (RWC) for parasitism were 20℃ and 50~60% RWC respectively. The sclerotia carried spores of C. minitans were rotten after two months in all kinds of soil so far supplied,but the soil type could influence the speed of sclerotial rot.The activity and colonization of C. minitans in soil were related closely with the existence of sclerotia or extract of sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum. According to the ecological characteristics of C. minitans, it suggested that C. minitans has a great potential for controlling sclerotinia wilt of various crops.