1997~2001年我国小麦条锈菌生理小种变化动态

 1997~2001年采自我国13个省和自治区的主要生产品种和重要抗源上的小麦条锈菌标样4008份,其鉴定结果基本反映了这期间我国小麦条锈菌生理小种的变化状况。1997年发现了水源11致病类型13和14,2001年把原Hybrid 46致病类型3(HY-3)命名为条中32号。这期间共监测到41个小种和致病类型,每年都能监测到的小种和致病类型有32个,为条中17、19、21、22、23、25、26、28号,洛10-2,条中29,洛13-2、3,条中30、31、32,Hybrid 46-4、5、6、7、8,水源11-2、3、4、5、6、7、8、10、11、12、13和14。条中29、30、31、32号为主要流行小种。1997~2000年间条中31号位居第一,出现频率为10.8%~13.5%,其次为条中32号(4.8%~11.7%),由于条中32号逐年持续上升,2001年超过条中31号而位居第一。其次是条中29和30号,两者出现频率基本相当,1997~1999年条中29号略高位第3(3.3%~4.0%),条中30号位第4(2.6%~3.3%),2000~2001年,条中30号略高位第3(3.6%~7.3%),条中29号位第4(2.7%~3.1%)。出现频率较高的还有条中23号、25号、26号、28号和Hybrid 46-4、5、7、8,水源11-3、4、5、7、11、13和14,其它为稀有小种和致病类型。相对于东部黄淮海流域,甘肃、四川、陕南和云南及其毗邻地区条锈菌群体结构复杂,内部多样性高,几乎所有小种和致病类型都可监测到。从整个条锈菌群体衡量Hybrid 46和水源11致病类群占有很大份额,1997~2001年两者总的年出现频率分别为78.5%、80.2%、76.6%、78.7%和87.4%,致使我国小麦条锈菌群体均匀度低,这与我国小麦品种抗病基因较简单、且主要集中在Yr9为重要抗源的"洛类"衍生系(80%以上)和以繁6为抗源的繁6衍生系有一定关系。

Pathogenic changes of stripe rust fungus of wheat in China during 1997- 2001

Four thousand and eight samples collected from 13 provinces (autonomous regions) in China during 1997-2001 were identified on 17 differential hosts, namely Trigo Eureka ( Yr6 ), Fulhard, Lutescens 128, Mentana, Virgilio, Abbondanza, Early Premium, Funo ( YrA ), Danish 1 ( Yr3 ), Jubilejina 2, Fengchan 3 ( Yr1 ), Lovrin13 ( Yr9 ), Kangyin 655, Shuiyuan 11, Zhong 4, Lovrin10 ( Yr9 ) and Hybrid 46 ( Yr3b+4b ). Shuiyuan11 type 13 and 14 were found in 1997, and Hybrid 46 type 3 was renamed CYR 32 in 2001. During this period, 41 races and pathotypes were detected, and CYR17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, Lovrin10 2, CYR29, Lovrin13 2, 3, CYR30, 31, 32, Hybrid 46 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, Shuiyuan11 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 can be found every year. CYR31 (10.8%-13.5%) and CYR32 (4.8%-11.7%) were the first and second predominant races during 1997-2000, and CYR32 reached the frequency of over 28%. In 2001 they became the most prevalent race. Basically, CYR29 and CYR30 have similar frequency rangesof2.6%-7.3%.Inaddition,CYR23,25,26,28,Hybrid46 4,5,7,8,Shuiyuan11 3,4,5,7,11,13and14were the common races with relatively low frequencies. All races and pathotypes could be detected in over summering regions located in Gansu and Sichuan Provinces where high diversity of virulence exists in Puccinia striiformis population. Furthermore, Hybrid 46 and Shuiyuan11 pathotypes showed high frequencies of 78.5%, 80.2%, 76.6%, 78.7% and 87.4% during 1997-2001, thus the pathosystem of stripe rust was not stable. This phenomen was closely related to the low diversity of resistant genes in Chinese wheat population with 80% Lovrin (containing Yr9 ) and Fan 6 derivatives.