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植物病害生防芽孢杆菌抗菌机制与遗传改良研究
引用本文:陈中义,张杰,黄大昉.植物病害生防芽孢杆菌抗菌机制与遗传改良研究[J].植物病理学报,2003,33(2):97-103.
作者姓名:陈中义  张杰  黄大昉
作者单位:1 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100094;2 中国农业科学院生物技术研究所, 北京 100081
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(39870497)
摘    要: 芽孢杆菌是土壤和植物微生态的优势微生物种群,具有很强的抗逆能力和抗菌防病作用,许多性状优良的天然分离株已成功地应用于植物病害生物防治。芽孢杆菌抗菌防病机制包括竞争作用、拮抗作用和诱导植物抗病性。其中,核糖体合成的细菌素、几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶等抗菌蛋白以及次生代谢产生的抗生素与挥发性抗菌物质产生的拮抗作用是生防细菌最主要的抗菌机制。通过现代生物技术提高抗菌基因的表达水平和实现外源杀虫或抗菌基因的高效稳定共表达是增强生防芽孢杆菌抗菌活性和扩大防治对象的重要途径。基因组和蛋白组研究的迅猛发展必将极大地促进芽孢杆菌抗菌分子机制和抗菌基因工程研究的深入发展和广泛应用。

关 键 词:芽孢杆菌  植物病害生物防治  抗菌机制  遗传改良  
文章编号:0412-0914(2003)02-0097-07

Research progress on antimicrobial mechanism and genetic engineering of Bacillus for plant diseases biocontrol
CHEN Zhong-yi,ZHANG Jie,HUANG Da-fang State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests.Research progress on antimicrobial mechanism and genetic engineering of Bacillus for plant diseases biocontrol[J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,2003,33(2):97-103.
Authors:CHEN Zhong-yi  ZHANG Jie  HUANG Da-fang State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests
Institution:1 State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, CAAS, Beijing 100094 China;2 Biotechnology Research Institute, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract:Some bacteria in the genus Bacillus, which are both resistant to adverse environment and usually against bacterial and fungal pathogens, are among the dominant microorganisms in the soil and plant microecologial systems, and a lot of na- tural isolates with great potency have been screened and applied widely in biocontrol of plant diseases. The biocontrol mecha- nisms of Bacillus include antagonism, competition and induced plant systenmic resistance. Antagonism of Bacillus mainly owed to the production of antimicrobial proteins, e. g. bacteriocin, chitinase, glucanase, etc., and antibiotics as well as antifungal volatiles synthesized by secondary metabolism pathways. Improvement of the expression level of native antimicro- bial genes and coexpression of foreign insecticidal or antimicrobial genes in one cell were of the most efficient approaches to geneically modify biocontrol Bacillus with stronger activities against plant diseases or against both plant diseases and insect pests. With the rapid progress of genomics and proteomics programs, research and development on antimicrobial molecular mechanism and genetic engineering of Bacillus will be greatly acceleraed in the future.
Keywords:Bacillus  biocontrol of plant diseases  mechanisms of antimicroorganisms  genetic engineering
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