2002—2014年陕西省小麦条锈菌生理小种变化动态和小麦品种(系)的抗病性

为明确陕西省小麦条锈菌的群体结构、变异动态和新育成小麦品种(系)的抗病性,为病害流行预测、防治以及抗病育种提供依据,本研究于2002—2014年从陕西省8个市(区)的28个县(区)和毗邻的甘肃省、四川省和湖北省部分地区共采集鉴定小麦条锈菌标样2 779份,监测到条锈菌生理小种和致病类型45个,其中,CYR33和CYR32为目前陕西省小麦条锈菌主要流行小种,新致病类型G22-9和G22-14虽然目前出现频率不高,但对贵农系列、92R系列以及Moro均有毒性,且出现频率呈上升趋势。目前小麦条锈菌群体中Hybrid46致病类群和水源11致病类群占绝对优势,这与我国小麦品种抗病基因单一化有较大关系,应加强开发和利用新的、多元化的抗源材料。对2 952份陕西省新育成小麦品种(系)抗病性测试结果表明,其整体抗性水平呈上升趋势。综合条锈菌生理小种监测和抗病性分析结果,目前小麦抗条锈病育种应以抗CYR33和CYR32为主,同时注意对G22-9和G22-14的抗病性研究。

Pathogenicity changes of wheat stripe rust fungus and disease resistance of wheat cultivars (lines) in Shaanxi province during 2002-2014

In order to investigate dynamics of Pst pathogenicity and stripe rust resistance of new wheat cultivars (lines), and provide basis for disease epidemiology, control and wheat breeding, a total of 2 779 stripe rust samples collected from 28 counties of 8 cities in Shaanxi province, and some areas of Gansu, Sichuan and Hubei provinces adjoining to Shaanxi province during 2002-2014 were identified on 19 differential hosts. In total, 45 races and pathotypes were detected. Among these, CYR33 and CYR32 can be detected each year and are the most prevalent races in Shaanxi province. Although the occurrences frequencies of the new pathotypes G22-9 and G22-14 are low now, they are virulence to Guinong, 92R and Moro derivatives, and the frequencies are increa-sing. The Hybrid46 group and Shuiyuan11 group were the dominant groups, the total frequency of the two groups was kept stable about 80%, which was closely related to the low diversities of resistant genes in Chinese wheat population. Therefore, the new and different kinds of stripe rust resistance materials should be developed and used in wheat breeding programs. In addition, 2952 new bred wheat cultivars (lines) were evaluated by prevalent Pst races during 2002-2014, the results indicated that the resistance level has been increasing in recent years. According to the results of Pst races detection and wheat resistance analysis, the current prevalent Pst races CYR32, CYR33 and new pathotypes G22-9, G22-14 should be paid more attention in wheat breeding programs.