中国特有的3个普通小麦亚种抗条锈病评价及其抗性基因分子检测

 西藏半野生小麦(Triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao)、云南铁壳麦(T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense King)和新疆稻麦(T. petropavloski Udats et Migusch)是我国特有的3个普通小麦亚种,它们具有特定的地理分布、明显不同于普通小麦的形态学特征,具有抗病、耐逆等优良性状,是可用于现代小麦品种生物和非生物胁迫改良的优异种质资源。本研究利用当前在我国流行频率高、毒性强的条锈菌生理小种和致病类群组成的混合菌对213份中国特有小麦种质(包括117份西藏半野生小麦、78份云南铁壳麦和18份新疆稻麦)进行苗期和成株期抗性表型鉴定,并利用与12个已知条锈病抗性基因(Yr)相关的分子标记进行分子检测。结果表明,共有18份中国特有小麦种质对混合生理小种表现苗期抗性,89份表现成株期抗性。进一步分析发现,成株期抗性种质主要来源于云南铁壳麦。结合系谱分析、抗性表型及条锈病抗病基因分子标记检测结果发现,2份中国特有小麦种质携带Yr18,所有种质均不携带Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr24/Yr26、Yr30、Yr41、Yr48、Yr65和Yr67等已知抗病基因。未检测到供试基因的抗性种质可能携带其他已知或新的条锈病抗性基因。该研究为进一步有效利用中国特有小麦亚种抗条锈病种质和发掘其抗性基因提供依据。

Evaluation and molecular detection of stripe rust resistance in three subspecies of Chinese endemic wheat

Tibetan semi-wild wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao), Yunnan hulled wheat (T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense King) and Xinjiang rice wheat (T. petropavlovskyi Udacz et Migusch) are unique germplasm resources and have specific geographical distribution in China. Morphological characteristics of them are obviously different from common wheat (T. aestivum L.). Besides, disease resistance and tolerance can be used for improvement of modern wheat variety under biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, 213 accessions of Chinese endemic wheat (including 117 Tibetan semi-wild wheat, 78 Yunnan hulled wheat and 18 Xinjiang rice wheat) were inoculated with mixed races of wheat stripe rust to evaluate the resistance during seedling and adult stage, respectively. Meanwhile, molecular markers linked to twelve known resistance genes were used to detect the resistance genes. The results showed that 18 accessions were resistant at seedling stage, as well as 89 accessions displayed stable resistance at adult stage. Moreover, these resistant accessions mainly derived from Yunnan hulled wheat. By integrating all information of the pedigree of these accessions, resistance to stripe rust races, and molecular detection, it showed that only 2 accessions carried Yr18 and the 213 accessions were not detected to carry Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr24/Yr26, Yr30, Yr41, Yr48, Yr65 and Yr67. These results indicated that the resistant accessions may contain other known or new resistance genes. The results will provide the information for further effective utilization of stripe rust resistance germplasms of Chinese endemic wheat subspecies and discovery of their resistance genes.