枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂的研制及其对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果

 以枯草芽胞杆菌母药为研究对象,通过对载体、分散剂、表面活性剂、保护剂的筛选,确定了枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂的最佳配方。其配方为:枯草芽胞杆菌母药50%、载体白炭黑20%、分散剂萘磺酸钠盐甲醛缩合物(NNO)2%、表面活性剂烷基萘磺酸盐(EFW)3%、保护剂羧甲基纤维素(CMC)1.5%、载体硅藻土补足至100%。测定结果表明:枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂含菌量为2.11×10¹⁰ CFU·g^-1,分散指数89.56,浮游指数87.57,坡度角74°,pH 6.1,杂菌率2.1%,含水率0.67%,粒径8.15 μm,热贮分解率为4.67%,产品各项指标均达到标准。盆栽条件下,枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂用量1 000 g·(hm²)^-1时喷粉对黄瓜白粉病的保护效果优于治疗效果,防效分别为89.08%和84.95%;田间试验,枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂在用量为1 000 g·(hm²)^-1时喷粉对黄瓜白粉病的保护效果为80.66%。

Preparation of micropowder of Bacillus subtilis and its control effect on cucumber powdery mildew

By screening the carriers, dispersing agents, surface active agent and protection agents for Bacillus subtilis micropowder preparation, the optimal formulation were confirmed as follows: 50.0% the content of Bacillus subtilis mother powder, 20.0% filler carbon-white and diatomite, 2.0% dispersing agent NNO, 3.0% surface active agent EFW, 1.5% UV protection agents CMC, Carrier diatomite was supplemented to 100%. The quality detection showed that the spores content of B. subtilis micropowder could come up to 2.11×10¹⁰ CFU·g^-1, the pH value was 6.1, the rate of heterozygous bacteria was 2.1%, the water content was 0.67%, Particle size 8.15 μm, the spore dispersion index was 89.56, the floatation index is 87.57, the slope angle is 74°, and thermal decomposition rate of storage was 4.67%, which came up to the formulation standard. Pot experiment demonstrated that the protective effects of B. subtilis micropowder on cucumber powdery mildew was better than the therapeutic effect when the dosage of Bacillus subtilis powder was 1 000 g·(hm²)^-1, and the control effects were 89.08% and 84.95%, respectively. In the field experiment, the protective effect of B. subtilis micropowder on cucumber powdery mildew at 1 000 g·(hm²)^-1 was 80.66%.