不同新型作用机制杀菌剂对梨树主要病菌毒力及防治流程应用

 为明确多种新型作用机制杀菌剂与引起梨树褐斑病、黑星病、白粉病等病原菌的有效对靶关系及制定梨树主要病害防治流程,采用菌丝生长速率法、离体叶片法与田间药效方法研究新型杀菌剂对靶标病原菌的毒力、对靶标病害的防效及其田间有效应用,建立替代梨树主要病害传统化学杀菌剂的防治流程技术。结果显示,双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐在离体叶片法下对褐斑病的防效大于85%,田间药效验证3次用药后7 d防效大于85%、30 d防效大于80%、90 d防效仍大于60%,兼治轮纹病菌其毒力EC₅₀值均小于1 μg·mL^-1。双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐、辛菌胺醋酸盐、吩嗪α-2羧酸在离体叶片法下对黑星病防效大于90%且毒力EC₅₀值小于1 μg·mL^-1;田间药效验证1次用药后7 d防效大于80%、30 d防效仍大于75%。噻肟菌酯、硝苯菌酯、丙硫菌唑在离体叶片法下对白粉病的防效大于85%;田间药效验证3次用药后7 d铲除效果大于70%、30 d仍大于60%。丙硫菌唑对黑斑、轮纹病菌毒力EC₅₀值均小于1 μg·mL^-1;吩嗪α-2羧酸同时对褐斑、黑斑、轮纹病菌毒力EC₅₀值小于1 μg·mL^-1。针对梨树主要病害发生期,选用新型杀菌剂替代传统杀菌剂制定防治技术流程,其综合防效达到88.94%。不同新型作用机制杀菌剂在防治梨树主要病害上的应用,能够降低抗药性产生,同时达到有效防治的目的。

Virulence of new fungicides with different mechanism on the pathogens of the main pear tree diseases and the fungicides effective utilizing in pear orchard

In order to clarify the relationship between a variety of new fungicides with different mechanism and the main pear tree diseases caused by the pathogens, such as Septoria piricola Desm, Alternaria alternata(Fries)Keissler and Phyllactinia pyri(Cast)Homma, and the fungicides effective utilizing in pear orchard, the mycelial growth rate, pear leaves in vitro and the field efficacy method were adopted to study the virulences of new fungicides against target pathogens, the control effects of target diseases and their effective application in the field, and to establish the fungicides effective utilizing in pear orchard instead of traditional chemical fungicides. The results showed that the effect of iminoctadine trialbesilatein in vitro on brown spot was more than 85%, and the control effect was more than 85% after 7 days, and the control effect was above 80% and 60% after 30 days and 90 days three times after treatment in the field respectively, and the virulence EC₅₀ value of the Pnysalosproa piricola Nose is less than 1 μg·mL^-1. The effects of iminoctadine trialbesilate, Xinjunan acetate, phenazine α-2 carboxylic acid were more than 90% in vitro on scab and the virulence EC₅₀ value is less than 1 μg·mL^-1, and the control effects were above 80% and 75% after 7 days and 30 days one time after treatment in the field, respectively. The effects of Cefo-trifloxystrobin, meptyldinocap, prothioconazole were more than 85% in vitro on powdery mildem,the eradicate effects were above 70% and 60% after 7 days and 30 days three times after treatment in the field, respectively. The virulence EC₅₀ value of prothioconazole on Alternaria alternata(Fries)Keissleror Pnysalosproa piricola Nosewas less than 1 μg·mL^-1,and the virulence EC₅₀ value of phenazine α-2 carboxylic acid on Septoria piricola Desm, Alternaria alternata(Fries)Keissler or Pnysalosproa piricola was less than 1 μg·mL^-1. In view of the occurrence period of the main pear diseases, the new fungicides were used to replace the traditional fungicides to formulate prevention and control technical processes with control effect at 88.94%. The fungicides effective utilizing in pear orchard can not only reduce fungicide resistance but also achieve effective control.