水稻叶鞘腐败病的研究——Ⅰ.病原菌的致病性及发病的影响因子

 本文阐述了水稻叶鞘腐败病病原菌Sarocladium oryzae,在水稻各生育期和植株不同部位的叶鞘上之致病性以及由此产生的各种症状。该病原菌不仅在水稻各生育期发生危害,还能侵害叶鞘、谷粒、叶片中脉等。水稻剑叶叶鞘受害,常呈现为典型叶鞘腐败病病斑以及"紫鞘"或"紫鞘黄叶"症状。病谷常引起秧苗发病。发病的最适温度为30℃、湿度为70%(RH)。但发病对温湿度要求并不甚严格。适当的氮、磷、钾配比和适量施用能提高植株的抗病性,氮肥过多或缺乏均会加剧病害的发生与危害。品种的抗病性有着明显差异,但与水稻类型无关。以病原菌分生孢子液对21个常见杂草和野生稻接种,其中属于禾本科的15个种可引起发病。经田间调查,该病原菌也在自然条件下侵染若干禾本科杂草。

STUDIES ON RICE'SHEATH ROT Ⅰ.PATHOGENICITY OF THE PATHOGEN AND THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE DISEASE

This paper discribes the pathogenicity of the pathogen Sarocladium oryzae(Sawada) Gams & Hawksw.causing rice sheath rot at different growing stages of rice and on the different parts of pllant above the ground.The studies show that it infected the rice plants at all stages of growth while the most distructive was after booting.The pathogen infected rice leaf sheath midrib of leaf blade and rice grains.The symptoms consisted of typical sheath rot lesions and what is called "purple sheath" or "purple sheath with yellow leaves".The disease could be transmitted by infected rice seeds.