西安市蔬菜污染与防治对策

根据对西安市4个郊区蔬菜中重金属、硝酸盐、化肥和农药污染状况的调查研究得出,西安市蔬菜中重金属污染较为严重,尤其铅超标率较高,而且明显高于陕西省其它5大城市;蔬菜中硝酸盐含量也较高,但亚硝酸盐含量低,基本对人体健康不构成威胁;化肥和农药的使用也带来相应的蔬菜污染,尤其是高毒、高残留农药和含氮肥料;此外,增塑剂对蔬菜也有影响。本文针对造成这些污染的主要原因,提出了适合西安市蔬菜污染的防治措施,即严格控制污水灌溉和污泥的施用;科学合理施用氮肥,大力提倡使用微生物肥料和低残留农药;建立监测网络体系,对蔬菜市场进行流动监测;发展无污染蔬菜生产基地;建立大型的销售公司统一调度蔬菜等。

Vegetable Pollution and Controlling Countermeasures in Xi'an City

\ \ According to investigation and research into pollution conditionof the heavy metal,the nitrate,the chemical fertilizer and the pesticide in vegetables of four suburbs in Xi'an,it shows that heavy metal pollutionin vegetable is more serious in Xi'an,especially the exceeding allowed standard rate of lead is high,moreover is higher than other five big cities of Shaanxi province.In vegetables nitrate content is also higher,but the nitrous acid salt content is low,and basically does not pose a threat to human body health.The usage of chemical fertilizers and agricultural chemicals also brings the corresponding vegetable pollution,especially the highly poisonous,highly residual agricultural chemicalsand the nitrogenous fertilizers.In addition,the plasticizeralso has influence to vegetables.In the view of the main reasons which caused these pollutions,this paper proposes the preventing and controlling measures.