东北典型农区土地利用变化的生态效应研究——以公主岭市为例

在人为活动占优势的景观内,不同土地利用方式和强度产生的生态效应是不同的,并且可以直观地反映在生态系统的结构和组成上。因此,本文利用Landsat TM和MSS遥感数据,以具有相对完整的自然生态过程的小流域作为评价单元,借助GIS空间分析和地统计分析功能,从景观生态学角度提出了景观生态指数来反映LUCC变化所带来的生态效应。研究发现,公主岭市1975—1986年间由于土地利用/土地覆被变化造成的生态风险不断增加,随后逐渐减小,到2000年局部地区又有所回升,这种变化与该地区土地利用类型的变化,特别是耕地、林地和草地的变化趋势呈高度相关,说明该地区土地利用/土地覆被变化对生物多样性及生态安全具有重要影响。

The Ecological Effect of Land Use Change in Gong Zhuling County

In the human dominated landscape, different land use pattern and intensity have different ecological effects. It can be reflected by the ecosystem structure and components. Thus, using the Landsat/TM data and the Landsat/ MSS data, based on the mini -watersheds involving the integrated ecological process and Supported by GIS special analysis function and geological statistical function, the landscape ecological index was proposeed in order to reflect the ecological effect of LUCC change. The results showed that the ecological risk showed increasing and then decreasing gradually from 1975 to 1986. It showed the same trend from1996 to 2000 as it from 1975 to 1986 in some regions. The trend was related to the decrease of woodland and grassland and the rapidly increase of dry land. It showed that the land use/cover change had important effects on the biology diversity and ecological safety.