贺兰山东麓4个酿酒葡萄品种枝条抗寒性鉴定

贺兰山东麓地区受季风和大陆性气候影响,冬季寒冷干燥,低温持续时间长,酿酒葡萄越冬冻害频繁发生,严重制约葡萄与葡萄酒产业的可持续发展。文中对贺兰山东麓产区主栽的4个酿酒葡萄品种枝条进行抗寒性鉴定,旨在对酿酒葡萄抗寒育种、优良品种推广提供理论依据。文中以‘北红’‘威代尔’‘西拉’‘赤霞珠’一年生枝条为试验材料,以4℃下保存的样本为对照,模拟自然冷冻降温过程,设置-10℃、-15℃、-20℃、-25℃、-30℃五个低温处理梯度,对各处理中枝条的保护酶活性、MDA、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、枝条萌芽率以及相对电导率、LT50进行测定及计算,运用相关性分析与隶属函数法对不同品种酿酒葡萄抗寒性进行综合评价。结果表明:‘北红’‘威代尔’‘赤霞珠’‘西拉’4种酿酒葡萄枝条半致死温度分别为-29.57℃、-27.26℃、-23.99℃、-14.10℃。相关分析结果表明,相对电导率、CAT活性、MDA、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量与抗寒性呈负相关关系,枝条萌芽率、SOD、POD活性与抗寒性呈正相关关系。恢复生长法、LT50可作为判断酿酒葡萄枝条抗寒性强弱的单项指标。4种酿酒葡萄枝条抗寒性强弱顺序为‘北红’‘威代尔’‘赤霞珠’‘西拉’。

Evaluation on cold resistance of four wine grape varieties at the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain

The eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain is located in the northwest region of China and affected by monsoon and continental climate.In winter,the frozen injury of the grape often occurs due to the low temperature.The disaster has bad impact on the sustainable development of vine and wine industry.In this paper,the cold resistance of the branches of four wine grape varieties planted in the area was evaluated in order to provide a theoretical basis for the extension of grape varieties with good cold resistance.The yearly new branches of main varieties in Ningxia:‘Beihong’,‘Vidal’,‘Syrah’and‘Cabernet Sauvignon’were used as the experimental materials,and the samples at 4℃were used as the control while five of low temperature of-10,-15,-20,-25,-30℃for the treatments were implemented by the simulating the natural process of cooling and freezing.The indices of SOD,POD,CAT,MDA,the soluble sugar,the soluble protein,the branches germination rate and the relative electrical conductivity were measured for all control and treatment samples.And then the cold resistance of different grape varieties was evaluated by the correlation analysis and the membership function method.The semi-lethal temperatures of the branches of four wine grapes were-29.57℃for‘Beihong’,-27.26℃for‘Vidal’,-23.99℃for‘Cabernet Sauvignon’and-14.10℃for‘Syrah’,respectively.The negative correlation was observed between the cold resistance and the indices of the relative electric conductivity,CAT activity,MDA content,soluble sugar content,and soluble protein content,while the positive correlation was observed between the cold resistance and the indices of SOD activity,POD activity and germination rate.The recovery growth method and LT50 may be used as a single indicator to evaluate the cold resistance of wine grape branches,as the consistent order of cold resistance was found between these two methods and the comprehensive one.The order of cold resistance of the branches of the four wine grape varieties is‘Beihong’>‘Vidal’>‘Cabernet Sauvignon’>‘Syrah’.