祁连山保护区种子植物属的区系研究

祁连山自然保护区位于甘肃西南部,祁连山北坡,北纬36°45′—39°30′,东经93°31′—102°40′,面积272.2万hm2,属青藏高原、黄土高原和蒙古高原的过渡带;分布有种子植物1286种,隶属84科431属,占中国种子植物科数的30.43%,属数的13.86%,种数的5.00%。含20种以上的属6属155种,含10-19种的属19属244种,含5-9种的属45属292种,含1-4种的属360属595种,其中,含1种的属217属217种。属的分布类型有12个分布类型和18个分布亚型,热带分布类型有3个类型、1个变型,共27属44种,占祁连山保护区总属数的6.26%;北温带分布及其变型在本区共173属,占本区属数的40.14%,其中北温带分布类型在本区共126属,占29.23%,为本区最大的分布类型;旧世界温带分布及其变型共64属,其中在旧世界温带分布的54属植物中,鹅观草属(Roegneria C.Coch.)为本区最大的属,共15种;地中海区、西亚至中亚分布及其变型共34属,其中地中海区、西亚至中亚分布在祁连山保护区均为含1—5种的小属;中亚分布及其变型共有24属,其中中亚分布中,除(Dilophia Thoms)和小甘菊属(Cancrinia Kar.et Kir.)各有3种外,其余11属均仅含1种;中国特有分布共9属10种,这些特有成分中,有青藏高原特有属(黄缨菊Xanthopappus C.Winkl.)、唐古特地区的特有属(穴丝荠属Coelonema Maxim.),大部分为本区与周围地区所共有的属,而无真正的本区特有属。温带成分占优势,植物区系年轻,草本植物丰富而乔木种类贫乏,特有属、种少,地理成分沿海拔高度明显不同。

Study on Genera Flora of Seed Plants in Qilianshan Mountain Nature Reserve,China

The Qilianshan Mountain Nature Reserveis situated south-western Gansu,China,and between latitude 36°45′—39°30′N,and longitude 93°31′—102°40′E,in north slope of Qilianshan Mountains and in the region that connect Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Loess Plateau,Mongolia Plateau.There are 1286 species of seed plants that belong to 84 families and 431 genera in this region,and respectively have 30.43% of total families,and of 13.86% of total genera and 5.00% of total species of Chinese seed plants.There are 6 that over 20 species and 19 genera contain 10-19species and 45 genera contain 5-9 species and 360 genera contain 1-4 species,thereinto 217 genera contain 1 species.The floraof generacan be divided into 12 distribution typesand 18subtypes.There are 3 distribution typesand 1subtypes,27 genera,44 species belong to tropics distribution,6.26% of total genera;and 173 genera belong to north temperate distribution types and subtypes,40.14% of total genera,thereinto,126 genera belong to north temperate distribution types,29.23% of total genera are maximaldistribution types;and 64 genera belong to old world temperate distribution types and subtypes,thereinto,RoegneriaC.Coch.is maximalgenera,with total 15 species;and 34 genera belong to Mediterranea,W.Asia to C.Asia distribution types and subtypes,they have small genera of 1-5 species;24 genera belong to C.Asia distribution types and subtypes in them 11 genera contain 1 species;9 genera with 10 species belong to endemic to Chian,includeQinghai-Tibet Plateauand Tangute region endemic genera(Xanthopappus C.Winkl.and CoelonemaMaxim.),and most of them are mutual with around region and lack local endemic genera in the Qilianshan Mountain Nature Reserve.The temperate elements of genera are dominate obviously,the flora elements are younger,most of the plants are perennial herbs and poorest of trees;It has only a few of endemic genera and species;the geography elements are differenct according to altitude.