水分和温度对冬小麦和玉米免耕作产量影响的研究

本文对宁夏彭阳县旱地冬小麦、玉米的免耕作中水分和温度对产量的影响进行了探索。试验结果表明:播种前、后,旱地免耕作膜侧种植冬小麦处理比无地膜覆盖常规耕作处理的土壤含水量高,膜侧种植冬小麦生育后期土壤水分明显高于无地膜覆盖常规耕作处理。膜侧的土壤含水量高于膜内的土壤含水量,有利于膜侧冬小麦的生长。旱地免耕作膜侧冬小麦产量达3540kg/hm2,比对照增产78.8%,纯收益比对照提高79.7%。旱地玉米免耕作秸秆覆盖处理的土壤含水量明显高于常规耕作玉米处理的土壤含水量。覆盖1/2玉米秸秆、全部玉米秸秆处理的土壤平均含水量分别比常规耕作增加11.1%和9.8%。但是常规耕作有地膜覆盖,对耕层土壤的增温效果最好,而玉米秸秆覆盖对土壤增温的效果较差。覆盖1/2玉米秸秆、全部玉米秸秆处理产量分别比常规耕作减产25.4%和11.2%。

Effects of Water and Temperature on Winter Wheat and Maize Yields Under Conservation Tillage Condition

The effect of soil water and temperature under conservation tillage condition on winter wheat and maize yields in Pengyang County,Ningxia was explored.Results showed that before and after sowing,no-tillage and membrane-side-planting winter wheat treatment had higher soil water content than controls with traditional tillage and no membrane.Moreover,membrane-side-planting had significantly higher soil water content than CK even in the later growth period of wheat.Membrane-side soil had higher water content than soil in membrane.It was propitious to winter wheat to grow.No-tillage and membrane-side-planting winter wheat in Pengyang dryland had a yield of 3540 kg/hm2,which was 78.8% more than the control,and increased net income 79.7% than CK.Regarding to dryland maize trial,no-tillage and covering maize straw treatment had significant higher soil water content than traditional tillage treatment that the blocks were plowed with 15 cm depth.The result showed that soil water contents of field covered with 1/2 straw or whole straw treatments increased 11.1% and 9.8% respectively,than the traditional tillage treatment.However,traditional tillage covered with plastic film could have better function to increase subsoil temperature.Meanwhile,maize straw covering treatments had worse function to increase subsoil temperature.Therefore,1/2 straw or whole straw covering treatments reduced maize yields by 25.4% and 11.2% respectively than traditional tillage treatment.