基于GIS和RS的呼和浩特市近百年城市空间扩展及其演变趋势

以历史悠久的草原文化名城-呼和浩特市为研究区,利用丰富的历史文献资料和地图资料,结合现代空间信息源,运用GIS技术和城市空间扩展测度的定量研究方法,具体选用扩展强度指数、紧凑度和等扇区方法,对研究区近百年的城市空间扩展过程进行定量分析。结果显示:百年尺度的城市空间扩展以东北-西北-再西北-东北方向扩展为主,扩展强度经过了上升-下降-再上升过程,紧凑度逐渐下降;各指标的变化反映,城市空间扩展经历了四次明显的演变过程,即1912-1951年低速扩展、1952-1973年中速扩展、1974-2000年快速扩展和2001-2009年高速扩展。总之,城市空间扩展具有时代特征和东西延伸的空间分异特征,反映城市空间扩展受到自然地理条件的限制之外,还有显著的社会经济发展的时代烙印。

Studies on urban spatial expansion and its evolution trend of Hohhot city based on RS and GIS

Based on dual technology of RS and GIS,the expand intensity index,compact index and equal fan-analysis,the data with historical map in 5 periods and remote sensing image of Hohhot city in 3 periods were applied to the research.Evolution spatial scale and quantitive analysis of extended position and quantitive analysis of empirical development of urban space were used to research the spatial and temporal evolution of urban space and expansion of the anisotropic and to summarize the different stages of expansion.During 1912-1948,the compact index had fallen sharply from highest value in 1912.This time was the low-speed expansion period of the city and the city expanded from southwest to the south;From 1949 to 1951,the compact index decreased.It raised to a higher level in 1973 and droped sharply until 1987 and the city expanded by moderate speed to southwest and northeast in the 38-year period;From 1988 to the end of the 20th,the compact index has advanced.The Huhhot City entered the period of rapid expansion and it mainly expanded from west to northeast;During 1912-1948,the compact index was the worst.Northeast and southwest direction of the urban has became the dominant propagation direction and the city expanded further to the high-speed expansion period.