基于GIS的关中地区土地利用/覆盖变化对比研究

关中地区土地利用变化剧烈,内部结构差异明显。选取了该区域的长武县、长安区两个典型区进行土地利用/覆盖变化对比研究。利用1985年、2000年和2005年3期TM遥感影像解译数据,借助GIS的空间分析功能分析了土地利用变化过程,选取了斑块密度、平均分维数、分离度指数、景观多样性指数、景观形状指数等具有明显生态学意义的景观指数对土地利用景观格局进行分析,为土地可持续利用提供景观生态学依据。研究结果表明:在研究时段内,长武县和长安区耕地面积不断减少,长武县的耕地主要流向为林地,而长安区主要转为建设用地。景观格局特征的分析表明,两个区域受人类活动干预较大,斑块数量显著增加,土地利用景观不断破碎,多样性增强,分离度指数显示出各景观类型的空间分布更为分散,而长安区的分散程度相对更高。

A comparative study on LUCC of Guanzhong area based on GIS

The LUCC of Guanzhong area is one of the rapidly changed regions in China.We selected Changwu county and Chang′an district in the Guanzhong area as typical research areas,based on dynamical remote sensing data of land use in 1985,2000 and 2005,maked a temporal and spatial dynamic comparative analysis on LUCC and landscape pattern.The patch density(PD),mean fractal dimension(FRAC_MN),division index(DIVISION),Shannon's diversity index(SHDI),landscape shape index(LSI) were selected to analyzed the regional landscape pattern.The results showed that the area of arable land reduced continuosly in Changwu and Chang′an during the study period.However,the reasons of reduction were different,two regions were mainly affected by human intervention while the influential factors of Changwu was ecological environmental construction and Chang′an was due to the increasing construction land.The number of patches increased remarkably,the landscape became smaller pieces,and the heterogeneity increased,the separation degrees showed that the distribution of landscape types became more extensive,while the Chang′an district dispersed in a higher level.