水土保持林草措施生态服务功能价值化研究

本研究以水土保持学、生态学、生态经济学理论为指导,认为水土保持林草措施生态服务功能是指该措施对维持、改良和保护人类及人类社会赖以生存的自然环境条件的综合效用,包括保持和涵养水源、保持和改良土壤、维持生物多样性、固碳供氧、净化空气和防风固沙等6项功能。利用费用支出法、市场价值法、边际机会成本法等多种方法估算出了水土保持林草措施每年为全国带来的生态服务价值总量为2394.83亿元,其中保持与改良土壤价值为2098.80亿元,保水与涵养水源价值为47.78亿元,防风固沙价值为81.91亿元,固碳供氧价值为40.67亿元,维持生物多样性价值为74.83亿元,净化空气价值为50.84亿元。

Ecological Values Provided by Biological Management in China

Based on the theories of soil and water conservation,ecology,and eco-economics,the ecological service provided by biological management was defined as the maintaining,improving,and protecting effects to the human beings and their conditions.It concluded 6 functions,such as water conservation,soil amelioration,biodiversity conserving,C fixation & O2 release,air-filtering,and sand fixing & wind preventing.Using the methods of expenditure substituting,market pricing,and marginal cost,the values provided by biological management in China was be measured,which was $239.5 billion per year.In the total amount,the value of soil amelioration was $209.9 billion,the value of water conservation was $4.8 billion,and the value of sand fixing & wind preventing was $8.2 billion.However,$4.1 billion was brought by C fixation & O2 release,and $7.5 billion was offered by biodiversity conservation.Furthermore,it supplied $5.1 billion through air-filtering.