中国的沙暴、尘暴及其防治

沙尘暴在进入 90年代以来有进一步加剧趋势 ,其原因在于此期我国西北地区气候干暖化态势明显 ,人类超负荷开发资源加剧 ,从而导致沙尘暴的频繁发生 ,但总体上仍属于正常的灾害现象。我国沙暴只能发生于干旱半干旱区 ,尘暴则可波及半湿润与湿润区 ,由此而论 ,北京的沙尘暴属于尘暴范畴 ,北京不会形成沙漠区。防治沙尘暴必须采取水、土、植被综合防治措施 ,基本对策是 :1 .搞好流域为单元的水土资源合理利用规划 ,进行水土保持综合防治 ;2 .增加地表植被复盖 ,搞好防护林体系建设 ;3 .减轻土地利用强度 ,恢复提高土地抗蚀能力 ;4.加强管理体系建设 ,依法建设生态环境。建议国家设立水土保持为主要职能的生态环境建设委员会 ,统一协调布署我国的生态环境建设工作。

Sand-storm and Dust-Storm in China and Prevention and Control

Sand-storm and dust-storm in China have shown a tendeney towards increase since the 1990's, mainly because the climate in northwest China tends to become drier and warmer, and human activities for development of natural resources are intensified. However, the occurrence of sand-storm and duststorm are still natural disasters in normal sense. Sand-storm occurs in arid and semi-arid areas only, while dust-storm may influence sub-humid and humid areas. The sand-storm and ust-storms occurred in Beijing are dust-storms in strict sense, and sand desert can not form near Beijing. To prevent and comtrol sand-storm and dust-storm, integrated measures should be adopted, including(1) reasonable basin-based planning for utilization of water and land resources and water and soil consevation,(2) construction of shelterbelt and increasing vegetation cover, (3)reducting intensity of land use and restoring the land resistance to erosion, (4)strengthening the management system for eco-environment construction according to law. It is suggested in this paper that a national commission be established in order to deploy and coordinate eco-environm ent construction in China.