三江平原湿地生态系统稳定性评价指标体系和评价方法

稳定性是生态系统的重要特征之一,也是衡量生态系统健康状况的重要指标。构建稳定性评价指标体系并对其进行评价,是保护湿地资源、维持其正常功能的有效有段之一。文中在遵循科学性、综合性、主导性、可操作性和可持续性等稳定性评价指标选取原则的基础上,从三江平原湿地实际情况出发,通过湿地生态环境、湿地服务功能、人类社会影响3方面分析,遴选24项指标,构建了三江平原湿地生态系统稳定性评价指标体系,并就其各指标生态意义进行了解释。参考已有研究成果,通过评价指标量化、指标权重确定、评价指标因子赋值、稳定性评价数学模型构建等步骤,将三江平原湿地生态系统稳定性划分为很不稳定、不稳定、轻度稳定、中度稳定、高度稳定5个等级层次。三江平原湿地生态系统稳定性评价指标体系的构建及其应用,可以解释该区湿地稳定性的成因与机制,明确湿地稳定性空间分布特征及其主要影响因素,并为政府制定政策提供理论依据,协调湿地保护与农业生产之间的关系,以获取最佳的经济-社会-生态效益。

Index system and methodology for wetland ecosystem stability in Sanjiang Plain

Stability is one of the most important characteristics and health indicators for ecosystem.To construct an index system and evaluate the wetland ecosystem stability are an effective means for conservation and maintenance of the wetland resources and its functions.Based on the selecting principles of stability evaluation indexes as the scientific,comprehensiveness,dominant,operability and sustainability principles,twenty-four indexes were selected,and the index system of wetland stability evaluation of the Sanjiang Plain was constructed by analysis of ecological environment,wetland service functions and human influences.The ecological meanings of the indexes were also explained.The wetland ecosystem stability in the Sanjiang Plain was divided into five grades,including very unstable,unstable,mild stable,moderate stable and very stable based on former results for reference.The main procedures were as follows: quantization of indexes for evaluation of wetland ecosystem stability,setting the weight of each index,valuation of each index,construction of the wetland ecosystem stability evaluation.Construction and application of the evaluation index system of wetland ecosystem stability in the Sanjiang Plain could interpret the causes and mechanisms of the wetland stability,and simultaneously make clear the spatial characteristics of the stability and its main influence factors.All these could provide useful theoretical basis for policy making,and contribute to harmonious development of wetland conservation and agricultural production in order to obtain the best economic,social and ecological benefits.